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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2025; 15(10); doi: 10.3390/ani15101433

Establishment of an In-House Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay to Detect Antibodies Against African Horse Sickness Based on Monovalent and Polyvalent Live Attenuated Vaccines During the First Outbreak in Thailand.

Abstract: Standard serological tests post-vaccination, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), complement fixation, and virus neutralization, are crucial for monitoring African horse sickness (AHS). However, the availability of commercial test kits such as blocking ELISA varies by regions; while they are commonly used in Africa and Europe, their limited availability and high cost in Thailand present significant challenges. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate an alternative approach using an in-house indirect ELISA based on cell-based monovalent and polyvalent strains of live attenuated AHS virus. This method addresses the cost and accessibility issues faced in Thailand. This study demonstrated promising results: the in-house indirect ELISA showed analytical sensitivity and specificity values of 88.30% and 67.02% for monovalent strains and 87.23% and 84.04% for polyvalent strains, respectively, compared to the blocking ELISA. These findings underscore the efficacy of the in-house ELISA as a viable serodiagnostic tool for AHS. Furthermore, the polyvalent antigen-based in-house indirect ELISA proved to be a reliable alternative for AHS monitoring, particularly in vaccinated horses, offering enhanced specificity. Additionally, this method is simpler, cheaper, faster, and more convenient than blocking ELISA and serum neutralization tests, making it a practical choice for routine AHS surveillance.
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Publication Date: 2025-05-15 PubMed ID: 40427310PubMed Central: PMC12108511DOI: 10.3390/ani15101433Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper presents the development of an affordable and effective in-house indirect ELISA test to detect African Horse Sickness in Thailand, highlighting its comparable reliability to commercial variants and its benefits in cost, speed, and convenience.

Objective of the Study

  • The primary aim of the study was to find an affordable and reliable approach to monitor African Horse Sickness (AHS) in Thailand due to high costs and limited availability of commercial serological tests such as ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay).
  • The researchers evaluated an in-house indirect ELISA method based on monovalent and polyvalent strains of live attenuated AHS virus.
  • The need for this study arose due to unique regional constraints in Thailand, where commercial kits are expensive and difficult to obtain.

Methodology

  • The researchers developed an in-house indirect ELISA using cell-based monovalent and polyvalent strains of the live attenuated AHS virus.
  • This ELISA variant served as an economic and accessible solution to the problems faced by local clinicians and researchers in Thailand.
  • The research team then carried out comprehensive testing to evaluate the effectiveness of this in-house approach against commercial kits.

Key Findings

  • The in-house indirect ELISA performed comparably to the commercial blocking ELISA, which is a standard AHS testing method.
  • The sensitivity and specificity values for the in-house ELISA method were promising, making it a viable tool for AHS diagnosis.
  • The in-house indirect ELISA had an analytical sensitivity and specificity of 88.30% and 67.02% respectively for monovalent strains, and 87.23% and 84.04% for polyvalent strains.

Significance of the Study

  • The study’s results validate the in-house ELISA as a cost-effective and reliable serodiagnostic tool for AHS in Thailand.
  • The use of a polyvalent antigen-based in-house indirect ELISA provides a reliable alternative for monitoring AHS, particularly in vaccinated horses, as it offers enhanced specificity.
  • The in-house ELISA method is simpler, cheaper, and faster than commercial ELISA and serum neutralization tests. As such, it represents a practical choice for routine AHS surveillance, offering a significant boon for researchers and clinicians.

Cite This Article

APA
Punyadarsaniya D, Taesuji M, Rattanamas K, Ruenphet S. (2025). Establishment of an In-House Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay to Detect Antibodies Against African Horse Sickness Based on Monovalent and Polyvalent Live Attenuated Vaccines During the First Outbreak in Thailand. Animals (Basel), 15(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15101433

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 10

Researcher Affiliations

Punyadarsaniya, Darsaniya
  • Immunology and Virology Department, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand.
  • Animal Biotechnology, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand.
Taesuji, Machimaporn
  • Animal Biotechnology, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand.
Rattanamas, Khate
  • Animal Biotechnology, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand.
Ruenphet, Sakchai
  • Immunology and Virology Department, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand.
  • Animal Biotechnology, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand.

Grant Funding

  • 65-RIO-41 / Mahanakorn University of Technology

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Srionrod N, Wutthiwitthayaphong S, Nipakornpun T, Ruenphet S. High-Accuracy Serodiagnosis of African Swine Fever Using P72 and P30-Based Lateral Flow Assays: A Validation Study with Field Samples in Thailand. Vet Sci 2025 Dec 19;13(1).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci13010004pubmed: 41600660google scholar: lookup
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