Evaluation of a rapid agglutination method for detection of equine red cell surface antigens (Ca and Aa) as part of pretransfusion testing.
Abstract: Blood typing before transfusion minimizes the risk of transfusion reactions and prevents immunization of the recipient against incompatible RBC antigens. The major RBC antigens that warrant identification before packed RBC or whole blood transfusions in horses are Ca and Aa. Standard blood-typing protocols are time-consuming (2.5-3.0 hours) and impractical in emergency settings. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether equine RBCs could be typed for Ca and Aa antigens using sera from horses with RBC antibodies in a modified rapid (15 minute) blood-typing protocol. Methods: Serum was obtained from a horse with anti-Ca antibodies and from another horse with anti-Aa antibodies. The presence of agglutinating antibodies was confirmed with antibody screening. Venous blood samples, collected in citrate-phosphate-dextrose, were obtained from 21 horses of various breeds. Samples were blood typed in the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital Hematology Laboratory using standard methodology. Washed RBCs from each of the 21 horses were incubated individually with anti-Ca and anti-Aa sera at dilutions of 1:4, 1:8, and 1:16 for 15 and 30 minutes at room temperature and 37 degrees C. Results: Of the 21 horses, 13 were identified as Aa+/Ca+, four were Aa+/Ca-, two were Aa-/Ca+, and two were Aa-/Ca-. All 17 Aa-positive horses had a positive agglutination reaction at all dilutions of anti-Aa serum, incubation times, and temperatures, while all Aa-negative horses were negative. Each Ca-positive horse had a positive agglutination reaction at all incubation time points and temperatures up to the 1:16 dilution of the anti-Ca serum. All Ca-negative horses were negative at all times, temperatures, and dilutions of anti-Ca serum. Use of the modified protocol on 26 hospitalized horses resulted in accurate typing, based on complete antibody screens. Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis that equine RBCs can be blood typed using a rapid (15 minute) protocol, at room temperature, for the presence of Ca and Aa antigens using equine-derived antisera. This technique may be beneficial for pretransfusion testing of equine patients in an emergency setting.
Publication Date: 2008-03-28 PubMed ID: 18366544DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165X.2008.00003.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This research investigates a fast method for detecting specific antigens on horse red blood cells, which can help prevent transfusion reactions during emergencies. The method is significantly quicker than standard methods and could prove useful during emergency pretransfusion testing.
Research Objective
- The main goal of this study was to evaluate if horse red blood cells could be quickly identified for the presence of Ca and Aa antigens using sera from horses that have red blood cell antibodies.
Methodology
- Blood serum was obtained from a horse with anti-Ca antibodies and another with anti-Aa antibodies.
- Venous blood samples were collected from different breeds of 21 horses.
- These samples were blood-typed using both the standard methodology and the experimental rapid-typing protocol.
- The red blood cells were incubated with anti-Ca and anti-Aa sera at various dilutions and analyzed at 15 and 30 minutes under different temperatures.
Results
- The study effectively identified 13 horses as Aa+/Ca+, four as Aa+/Ca-, two as Aa-/Ca+, and two as Aa-/Ca-.
- The rapid agglutination method had a positive response in all Aa-positive horses and Ca-positive horses.
- All Aa-negative and Ca-negative horses were successfully identified as well.
Conclusions
- The data suggests that horse red blood cells can indeed be quickly typed with the proposed 15-minute protocol for the detection of both Ca and Aa antigens.
- Most critically, this method could provide a significant benefit in an emergency scenario where blood transfusion testing is required, as it is significantly faster than traditional methods.
Cite This Article
APA
Owens SD, Snipes J, Magdesian KG, Christopher MM.
(2008).
Evaluation of a rapid agglutination method for detection of equine red cell surface antigens (Ca and Aa) as part of pretransfusion testing.
Vet Clin Pathol, 37(1), 49-56.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165X.2008.00003.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. sdowens@ucdavis.edu
MeSH Terms
- Agglutination Tests / methods
- Agglutination Tests / veterinary
- Animals
- Antigens, Surface / metabolism
- Blood Grouping and Crossmatching / veterinary
- Blood Transfusion / veterinary
- Erythrocytes / metabolism
- Female
- Horses
- Male
Citations
This article has been cited 7 times.- Kakoi H, Kikuchi M, Ishige T, Hirosawa Y, Tanaka S, Nagata SI. Monitoring the positive conversion of anti-erythrocyte antibodies in blood transfusion donor horses.. J Equine Sci 2023 Jun;34(2):47-49.
- Kakoi H, Kikuchi M, Ishige T, Nagata SI, Hirosawa Y, Tanaka S, Kishinami T. Investigation of erythrocyte antigen frequencies in draft horse populations in Japan to assess blood donor suitability.. J Equine Sci 2021 Mar;32(1):17-19.
- Proverbio D, Perego R, Baggiani L, Ferrucci F, Zucca E, Nobile F, Spada E. Prevalence of Ca Blood Type and Alloantibodies in a Population of Horses from Italy.. Animals (Basel) 2020 Jul 13;10(7).
- Fenn MS, Bortsie-Aryee AD, Perkins GA, Mann S, Tomlinson JE, Wood EM, Mix SE, Stokol T. Agreement of stall-side and laboratory major crossmatch tests with the reference standard method in horses.. J Vet Intern Med 2020 Mar;34(2):941-948.
- Luethy D, Owens SD, Stefanovski D, Nolen-Walston R, Giger U. Comparison of Tube, Gel, and Immunochromatographic Strip Methods for Evaluation of Blood Transfusion Compatibility in Horses.. J Vet Intern Med 2016 Nov;30(6):1864-1871.
- Owens SD, Kol A, Walker NJ, Borjesson DL. Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment Induces Specific Alloantibodies in Horses.. Stem Cells Int 2016;2016:5830103.
- Tomlinson JE, Taberner E, Boston RC, Owens SD, Nolen-Walston RD. Survival Time of Cross-Match Incompatible Red Blood Cells in Adult Horses.. J Vet Intern Med 2015 Nov-Dec;29(6):1683-8.
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