Evaluation of a transvaginal laparoscopic natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery approach to the abdomen of mares.

The research article presents a study that evaluated the use of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) performed transvaginally using laparoscopic and endoscopic tools in mares. This approach allowed for real-time viewing and evaluation of various internal structures within the mare’s abdomen.

Research Methodology

• The study involved eight female horses (mares) and was conducted in a descriptive experimental manner.
• The researchers performed a standing, transvaginal approach in the cranial vaginal vault at either the 1 o’clock position (right, four mares) or 11 o’clock position (left, four mares) relative to the cervix.
• The abdomen of each mare was visually explored and their viscera were evaluated using a 2 m flexible endoscope followed by a 62 cm laparoscope.
• Monitoring of the incisional healing was conducted through vaginoscopy on the third and seventh days after the procedure.

Results of the Research

• Through a left or a right transvaginal approach, a considerable amount of the abdominal cavity could be explored.
• The consistently visible structures were: the left kidney, spleen, nephrosplenic space, stomach, cecum, duodenum, left and right ovaries, diaphragm, and caudal peritoneal reflection. The liver was inconsistently observed.
• The laparoscope provided similar views of the caudal abdomen, but its mobility was limited; it could not view beyond the nephrosplenic space or base of the cecum.
• Incisional closure was observable by day three post-procedure.
• One mare displayed mild colic behavior, which was managed without surgical intervention.

Conclusions of the Study

• The study concluded that the natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery approach via the mare’s vagina is seemingly safe and well-tolerated.
• It provided adequate observation of most structures within the dorsal caudal region of the abdomen on the side of endoscope or laparoscope insertion.
• The research suggests that this kind of surgical approach could be beneficial as a diagnostic tool for intra-abdominal disorders in mares.