FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Virology1999; 262(2); 416-430; doi: 10.1006/viro.1999.9939

Evaluation of antibody parameters as potential correlates of protection or enhancement by experimental vaccines to equine infectious anemia virus.

Abstract: We previously demonstrated in trials of a variety of experimental vaccines to equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) a remarkable spectrum of efficacy ranging from sterilizing protection to severe enhancement of virus replication and disease, depending on the immunization strategy used. This range of vaccine efficacy observed in vivo offers a unique opportunity for evaluating potential in vitro immune correlates of protection and enhancement. We describe here a comprehensive analysis and comparison of EIAV envelope-specific antibody responses elicited by attenuated, inactivated whole virus and envelope subunit vaccines to EIAV, and we evaluate the potential of in vitro antibody assays as correlates of protection or enhancement. Thus vaccine-induced serum antibody responses in experimentally immunized ponies at the day of challenge were assayed using a panel of quantitative, qualitative, and functional in vitro assays, including end-point titer of total and isotypic IgG, serum antibody avidity, conformational dependence, and serum neutralization. The results of these studies revealed substantial differences in the EIAV envelope-specific antibody responses elicited by the different vaccines, indicating the importance of envelope glycoprotein antigen presentation in determining the specificity of vaccine immunity. Although no single in vitro parameter provided a statistically significant correlate of protection or enhancement, the use of multiple parameters (titer, avidity index, and conformation ratio) could be used as a reliable correlate of vaccine protection and that the level of vaccine protection was closely associated with the development of mature antibody responses. These studies demonstrate the importance of using multiple antibody assays to evaluate lentiviral vaccine responses and emphasize the need for the development of new in vitro antibody assays that may provide more insight into vaccine protection and enhancement.
Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 1999-09-30 PubMed ID: 10502520DOI: 10.1006/viro.1999.9939Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research study undertakes a thorough analysis of the immune response elicited by different experimental vaccines to equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), with a focus on EIAV envelope-specific antibody reactions. The study explores whether specific in vitro antibody tests can correlate with the level of vaccine protection or enhancement in treated ponies.

Study Overview

  • The research is based on prior trials where a variety of experimental vaccines, designed to treat equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), showed varied degrees of efficacy. Outcomes ranged from full protection against the virus to severe enhancement of virus replication and disease. The vaccines’ diverse effects provided a unique opportunity to evaluate potential immune responses.
  • Using a comprehensive analysis and comparison technique, researchers examined the EIAV envelope-specific antibody responses elicited by various types of vaccines. These included attenuated vaccines, inactivated whole virus vaccines, and envelope subunit vaccines.
  • The study aimed to determine whether in vitro antibody tests could serve as indicators of protection or enhancement offered by each vaccine.

Methodology and Findings

  • Vaccine-induced serum antibody responses in immunized ponies were assessed on the challenge day. This assessment included a host of quantitative, qualitative, and functional in vitro assays, such as the end-point titer of total and isotypic IgG, serum antibody avidity, conformational dependence, and serum neutralization.
  • The study identified substantial differences in EIAV envelope-specific antibody responses elicited by the different vaccines. This highlighted the importance of the envelope glycoprotein antigen presentation in defining the specificity of vaccine-triggered immunity.
  • No single in vitro parameter significantly correlated with protection or enhancement. However, using a combination of multiple parameters (titer, avidity index, and conformation ratio) could reliably indicate vaccine protection. Furthermore, the level of vaccine protection was closely associated with the development of mature antibody responses.

Conclusions and Implications

  • The research underscores the importance of using multiple antibody assays to evaluate lentiviral vaccine responses.
  • It emphasizes the need to develop new in vitro antibody assays that may provide more insight into vaccine protection and enhancement.
  • Through their findings, the researchers underlined the potential of using antibody parameters as correlates of protection or enhancement in experimental EIAV vaccines.

Cite This Article

APA
Hammond SA, Raabe ML, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC. (1999). Evaluation of antibody parameters as potential correlates of protection or enhancement by experimental vaccines to equine infectious anemia virus. Virology, 262(2), 416-430. https://doi.org/10.1006/viro.1999.9939

Publication

Virology
ISSN: 0042-6822
NlmUniqueID: 0110674
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 262
Issue: 2
Pages: 416-430

Researcher Affiliations

Hammond, S A
  • School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA.
Raabe, M L
    Issel, C J
      Montelaro, R C

        MeSH Terms

        • Animals
        • Antibodies, Viral / biosynthesis
        • Antibodies, Viral / immunology
        • Antibody Affinity / immunology
        • Epitopes / immunology
        • Equine Infectious Anemia / immunology
        • Equine Infectious Anemia / prevention & control
        • Equine Infectious Anemia / virology
        • Horses
        • Immunoglobulin G / biosynthesis
        • Immunoglobulin G / immunology
        • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
        • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / growth & development
        • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / immunology
        • Neutralization Tests
        • Protein Conformation
        • Time Factors
        • Vaccination
        • Vaccines, Attenuated / immunology
        • Vaccines, Inactivated / immunology
        • Vaccines, Synthetic / immunology
        • Viral Envelope Proteins / genetics
        • Viral Envelope Proteins / immunology
        • Viral Vaccines / genetics
        • Viral Vaccines / immunology

        Grant Funding

        • 5RO1-AI25850 / NIAID NIH HHS
        • 5T32-AI07487 / NIAID NIH HHS

        Citations

        This article has been cited 19 times.
        1. Hosie MJ, Techakriengkrai N, Bęczkowski PM, Harris M, Logan N, Willett BJ. The Comparative Value of Feline Virology Research: Can Findings from the Feline Lentiviral Vaccine Be Translated to Humans?. Vet Sci 2017 Jan 28;4(1).
          doi: 10.3390/vetsci4010007pubmed: 29056666google scholar: lookup
        2. Liu C, Cook SJ, Craigo JK, Cook FR, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC, Horohov DW. Epitope shifting of gp90-specific cellular immune responses in EIAV-infected ponies. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014 Oct 15;161(3-4):161-9.
          doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.08.001pubmed: 25176006google scholar: lookup
        3. Ma J, Wang SS, Lin YZ, Liu HF, Liu Q, Wei HM, Wang XF, Wang YH, Du C, Kong XG, Zhou JH, Wang X. Infection of equine monocyte-derived macrophages with an attenuated equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) strain induces a strong resistance to the infection by a virulent EIAV strain. Vet Res 2014 Aug 9;45(1):82.
          doi: 10.1186/s13567-014-0082-ypubmed: 25106750google scholar: lookup
        4. Sholukh AM, Byrareddy SN, Shanmuganathan V, Hemashettar G, Lakhashe SK, Rasmussen RA, Watkins JD, Vyas HK, Thorat S, Brandstoetter T, Mukhtar MM, Yoon JK, Novembre FJ, Villinger F, Landucci G, Forthal DN, Ratcliffe S, Tuero I, Robert-Guroff M, Polonis VR, Bilska M, Montefiori DC, Johnson WE, Ertl HC, Ruprecht RM. Passive immunization of macaques with polyclonal anti-SHIV IgG against a heterologous tier 2 SHIV: outcome depends on IgG dose. Retrovirology 2014 Jan 20;11:8.
          doi: 10.1186/1742-4690-11-8pubmed: 24444350google scholar: lookup
        5. Vargas-Inchaustegui DA, Robert-Guroff M. Fc receptor-mediated immune responses: new tools but increased complexity in HIV prevention. Curr HIV Res 2013 Jul;11(5):407-20.
          doi: 10.2174/1570162x113116660063pubmed: 24191937google scholar: lookup
        6. Craigo JK, Ezzelarab C, Montelaro RC. Development of a high throughput, semi-automated, infectious center cell-based ELISA for equine infectious anemia virus. J Virol Methods 2012 Nov;185(2):221-7.
          doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.07.007pubmed: 22820072google scholar: lookup
        7. Willey S, Aasa-Chapman MM, O'Farrell S, Pellegrino P, Williams I, Weiss RA, Neil SJ. Extensive complement-dependent enhancement of HIV-1 by autologous non-neutralising antibodies at early stages of infection. Retrovirology 2011 Mar 14;8:16.
          doi: 10.1186/1742-4690-8-16pubmed: 21401915google scholar: lookup
        8. Craigo JK, Barnes S, Cook SJ, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC. Divergence, not diversity of an attenuated equine lentivirus vaccine strain correlates with protection from disease. Vaccine 2010 Nov 29;28(51):8095-104.
          doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.10.003pubmed: 20955830google scholar: lookup
        9. Liu L, Wan Y, Wu L, Sun J, Li H, Li H, Ma L, Shao Y. Broader HIV-1 neutralizing antibody responses induced by envelope glycoprotein mutants based on the EIAV attenuated vaccine. Retrovirology 2010 Sep 1;7:71.
          doi: 10.1186/1742-4690-7-71pubmed: 20807451google scholar: lookup
        10. Craigo JK, Barnes S, Zhang B, Cook SJ, Howe L, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC. An EIAV field isolate reveals much higher levels of subtype variability than currently reported for the equine lentivirus family. Retrovirology 2009 Oct 20;6:95.
          doi: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-95pubmed: 19843328google scholar: lookup
        11. Mealey RH, Leib SR, Littke MH, Wagner B, Horohov DW, McGuire TC. Viral load and clinical disease enhancement associated with a lentivirus cytotoxic T lymphocyte vaccine regimen. Vaccine 2009 Apr 21;27(18):2453-68.
          doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.02.048pubmed: 19368787google scholar: lookup
        12. Huisman W, Martina BE, Rimmelzwaan GF, Gruters RA, Osterhaus AD. Vaccine-induced enhancement of viral infections. Vaccine 2009 Jan 22;27(4):505-12.
          doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.10.087pubmed: 19022319google scholar: lookup
        13. Tagmyer TL, Craigo JK, Cook SJ, Even DL, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC. Envelope determinants of equine infectious anemia virus vaccine protection and the effects of sequence variation on immune recognition. J Virol 2008 Apr;82(8):4052-63.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.02028-07pubmed: 18234792google scholar: lookup
        14. Shan M, Klasse PJ, Banerjee K, Dey AK, Iyer SP, Dionisio R, Charles D, Campbell-Gardener L, Olson WC, Sanders RW, Moore JP. HIV-1 gp120 mannoses induce immunosuppressive responses from dendritic cells. PLoS Pathog 2007 Nov;3(11):e169.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030169pubmed: 17983270google scholar: lookup
        15. Craigo JK, Durkin S, Sturgeon TJ, Tagmyer T, Cook SJ, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC. Immune suppression of challenged vaccinates as a rigorous assessment of sterile protection by lentiviral vaccines. Vaccine 2007 Jan 15;25(5):834-45.
          doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.09.040pubmed: 17023099google scholar: lookup
        16. Craigo JK, Li F, Steckbeck JD, Durkin S, Howe L, Cook SJ, Issel C, Montelaro RC. Discerning an effective balance between equine infectious anemia virus attenuation and vaccine efficacy. J Virol 2005 Mar;79(5):2666-77.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.79.5.2666-2677.2005pubmed: 15708986google scholar: lookup
        17. Li F, Craigo JK, Howe L, Steckbeck JD, Cook S, Issel C, Montelaro RC. A live attenuated equine infectious anemia virus proviral vaccine with a modified S2 gene provides protection from detectable infection by intravenous virulent virus challenge of experimentally inoculated horses. J Virol 2003 Jul;77(13):7244-53.
          doi: 10.1128/jvi.77.13.7244-7253.2003pubmed: 12805423google scholar: lookup
        18. Hammond SA, Li F, McKeon BM Sr, Cook SJ, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC. Immune responses and viral replication in long-term inapparent carrier ponies inoculated with equine infectious anemia virus. J Virol 2000 Jul;74(13):5968-81.
          doi: 10.1128/jvi.74.13.5968-5981.2000pubmed: 10846078google scholar: lookup
        19. Zhang Z, Guo K, Chu X, Liu M, Du C, Hu Z, Wang X. Development and evaluation of a test strip for the rapid detection of antibody against equine infectious anemia virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024 Dec;108(1):85.
          doi: 10.1007/s00253-023-12980-9pubmed: 38189948google scholar: lookup
        Subscribe to our newsletter
        Join 99,780 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.