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Home / Equine Research Bank / BMC Vet Res / Evaluation of chitosan-GP hydrogel biocompatibility in osteo...
BMC veterinary research2014; 10; 197; doi: 10.1186/s12917-014-0197-4

Evaluation of chitosan-GP hydrogel biocompatibility in osteochondral defects: an experimental approach.

Abstract: Articular cartilage, because of its avascular nature, has little capacity for spontaneous healing, and tissue engineering approaches, employing different biomaterials and cells, are under development. Among the investigated biomaterials are the chitosan-based hydrogels. Although thoroughly studied in other mammalian species, studies are scarce in equines. So, the aim of the present study was to investigate the biocompatibility of chitosan-GP in horse joints submitted to high mechanical loads. Results: An osteochondral defect was created by arthroscopy in the medial surface of lateral trochlea of talus of left or right leg, randomly selected, from six healthy geldings. The defect was filled up with chitosan-GP. The contralateral joint received an identical defect with no implant. The chondral fragment removed to produce the defect was collected, processed and used as the "Initial" sample (normal cartilage) for histology, immunohistochemistry, and metabolic labelling of PGs. After 180 days, the repair tissues were collected, and also analyzed. At the end of the experiment (180 days after lesion), the total number of cells per field in repair tissues was equal to control, and macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells were not detected, suggesting that no significant inflammation was present. These cells were able to synthesize type II collagen and proteoglycans (PGs). Nevertheless, the cell population in these tissues, both in presence of chitosan-GP and in untreated controls, were heterogeneous, with a lower proportion of type II collagen-positives cells and some with a fibroblastic aspect. Moreover, the PGs synthesized in repair tissues formed in presence or absence of chitosan-GP were similar to those of normal cartilage. However, the chitosan-GP treated tissue had an disorganized appearance, and blood vessels were present. Conclusions: Implanted chitosan-GP did not evoke an important inflammatory reaction, and permitted cell growth. These cells were able to synthesize type II collagen and PGs similar to those synthesized in normal cartilage and in healing tissue without implant, indicating its chondrocyte nature.
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Publication Date: 2014-08-27 PubMed ID: 25160583PubMed Central: PMC4236820DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0197-4Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research study investigates the biocompatibility of chitosan-GP, a type of biomaterial, in horse joints subject to high mechanical loads. Although similar studies have been done on other mammals, research on horses has been lacking. The researchers found that the chitosan-GP, when implanted in the joints, resulted in cell growth without causing significant inflammation, and was similar to normal and healing tissues.

Study Methodology and Analysis

  • As the healing capacity of articular cartilage is limited due to its avascular nature, the researchers have examined an alternate treatment method for damage in horse joints. Using chitosan-GP hydrogel, they sought to fill up defects and observe the response.
  • They started by creating an osteochondral defect (damage to cartilage and underlying bone) in the joints of six healthy geldings, or castrated male horses. The defect was filled with chitosan-GP. A similar defect was created in the contralateral joint (opposing joint in the pair), but without implantation of any material. This untreated joint served as the control.
  • The team then processed and analyzed the chondral fragment (part of the joint cartilage) removed to create the defect, treating it as a sample of normal cartilage. After 180 days, researchers collected and analyzed the repair tissues.

Results and Findings

  • The number of cells in the repair tissue at the end of the experiment was equal to the number in the control (untreated) area, indicating that the chitosan-GP did not adversely affect cell growth.
  • No significant inflammation was found, confirmed by the lack of macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells usually associated with inflammation.
  • The cells in these repair tissues, treated with chitosan-GP and untreated, were able to synthesize type II collagen and proteoglycans (PGs), similar to what exists in normal cartilage. However, the population of these cells was heterogeneous, with varying proportions and appearances.
  • Despite these positive outcomes, the chitosan-GP treated tissue displayed a disorderly appearance and the presence of blood vessels, which might be cause of concern.

Conclusions

  • The research concluded that chitosan-GP implantation did not result in significant inflammation, facilitated cell growth, and enabled cells to synthesize type II collagen and PGs akin to those in normal cartilage and untreated healing tissue.
  • These findings suggest that this material is biocompatible and may be a functional choice in tissue engineering efforts focused on repairing joint damage in horses.
  • Further studies may be needed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and organizational structure of the treated tissue.

Cite This Article

APA
Martins EA, Michelacci YM, Baccarin RY, Cogliati B, Silva LC. (2014). Evaluation of chitosan-GP hydrogel biocompatibility in osteochondral defects: an experimental approach. BMC Vet Res, 10, 197. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-014-0197-4

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 10
Pages: 197

Researcher Affiliations

Martins, Edivaldo A N
    Michelacci, Yara M
    • Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, UNIFESP, Rua Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo, 04044-020, SP, Brazil. yara.bioq@epm.br.
    Baccarin, Raquel Y A
      Cogliati, Bruno
        Silva, Luis C L C

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Biocompatible Materials / chemistry
          • Biocompatible Materials / pharmacology
          • Cartilage / pathology
          • Cartilage Diseases / drug therapy
          • Cartilage Diseases / metabolism
          • Cartilage Diseases / pathology
          • Chitosan / chemistry
          • Chitosan / pharmacology
          • Glycerophosphates / chemistry
          • Glycerophosphates / pharmacology
          • Horses
          • Hydrogels / chemistry
          • Hydrogels / pharmacology
          • Male
          • Wound Healing / drug effects

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          Citations

          This article has been cited 5 times.
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