Evaluation of equine peripheral blood apheresis product, bone marrow, and adipose tissue as sources of mesenchymal stem cells and their differentation potential.
Abstract: To evaluate effects of apheresis on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and compare those MSCs with MSCs obtained from adipose tissue or bone marrow (BM). Methods: Samples obtained from 6 adult horses. Methods: Samples of blood from a peripheral vein, adipose tissue, and BM aspirate were obtained from each horse. Samples were processed via apheresis of blood and techniques reported elsewhere for adipose tissue and BM. Cultures were maintained until adherence and subsequently were subjected to differentiation protocols to evaluate adipogenic, osteoblastogenic, and chondrogenic potential. Results: Apheresis product had a significantly higher mononuclear percentage, higher platelet count, and lower RBC count, compared with values for peripheral blood. No cell adherence to the tissue culture plates was detected for the apheresis product. Adherence was detected for 6 of 6 adipose-derived and 4 of 6 BM-derived samples. Variations in efficiency were detected for differentiation of adipose- and BM-derived cells into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts. Conclusions: Apheresis was able to concentrate mononuclear cells and reduce RBC contamination. However, the apheresis product was unable to adhere to the tissue culture plates. In matched horses, adipose- and BM-derived MSCs were capable of producing lipids, glycosaminoglycan, and mineral. The BM was vastly superior to adipose tissue as a source of MSCs with osteoblastogenic potential in matched horses. Additional studies will be necessary to optimize apheresis techniques for horses before peripheral blood can be considered a suitable source for multipotential cells for use in cell-based treatments.
Publication Date: 2011-01-05 PubMed ID: 21194345DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.1.127Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research focuses on comparing three different sources of obtaining mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) – apheresis from peripheral blood, bone marrow, and adipose tissue – from horses. The study aims to determine the most viable extraction source for successful adherence in tissue culture plates and the ability for these cells to differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts.
Methods and Results
- The research was conducted on 6 adult horses, with samples derived from peripheral vein blood, adipose tissue and bone marrow (BM).
- The apheresis technique was used for blood processing, as this method separates and collects various components of the blood, while returning unrequired parts back to the body. However, no adherence was observed in tissue culture plates using apheresis-derived cells.
- Adipose tissue and bone marrow samples were processed using established techniques. Adherence was successfully observed in all adipose-derived samples and 4 out of 6 bone marrow-derived samples. At the same time, a difference in the efficiency of cell differentiation into adipocytes (fat cells), chondrocytes (cartilage cells), and osteoblasts (bone cells) was noticeable.
- The apheresis product presented a higher percentage of mononuclear cells, a higher platelet count, and a reduced red blood cell (RBC) count compared to peripheral blood. However, while capable of concentrating cells and reducing RBC contamination, the apheresis product did not show cell adherence to tissue culture plates. This indicated that the apheresis of peripheral blood is not as suitable for stem cell adherence in the tissue.
Conclusion and Future Implications
- The study concludes that adipose and bone marrow are reliable sources for stem cells that can then be differentiated into diverse cell types. Among these, bone marrow showed superior osteoblastogenic potential, implying that it is a notably better source for deriving stem cells in horses.
- The apheresis technique’s efficacy for obtaining MSCs from peripheral blood should be further researched and optimized before it can be considered a reliable source for multipotential cells, which are key for cell-based treatments.
Cite This Article
APA
Ahern BJ, Schaer TP, Terkhorn SP, Jackson KV, Mason NJ, Hankenson KD.
(2011).
Evaluation of equine peripheral blood apheresis product, bone marrow, and adipose tissue as sources of mesenchymal stem cells and their differentation potential.
Am J Vet Res, 72(1), 127-133.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.72.1.127 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Adipogenesis
- Adipose Tissue / cytology
- Animals
- Blood Component Removal / veterinary
- Bone Marrow Cells / cytology
- Cell Differentiation
- Chondrogenesis
- Horses / blood
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells / cytology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells / physiology
- Osteoblasts
Citations
This article has been cited 8 times.- Petrova V, Vachkova E. Outlook of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Challenges to Their Clinical Application in Horses. Vet Sci 2023 May 12;10(5).
- Longhini ALF, Salazar TE, Vieira C, Trinh T, Duan Y, Pay LM, Li Calzi S, Losh M, Johnston NA, Xie H, Kim M, Hunt RJ, Yoder MC, Santoro D, McCarrel TM, Grant MB. Peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells demonstrate immunomodulatory potential for therapeutic use in horses. PLoS One 2019;14(3):e0212642.
- Barboni B, Russo V, Berardinelli P, Mauro A, Valbonetti L, Sanyal H, Canciello A, Greco L, Muttini A, Gatta V, Stuppia L, Mattioli M. Placental Stem Cells from Domestic Animals: Translational Potential and Clinical Relevance. Cell Transplant 2018 Jan;27(1):93-116.
- Elkhenany H, Amelse L, Caldwell M, Abdelwahed R, Dhar M. Impact of the source and serial passaging of goat mesenchymal stem cells on osteogenic differentiation potential: implications for bone tissue engineering. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2016;7:16.
- De Schauwer C, Goossens K, Piepers S, Hoogewijs MK, Govaere JL, Smits K, Meyer E, Van Soom A, Van de Walle GR. Characterization and profiling of immunomodulatory genes of equine mesenchymal stromal cells from non-invasive sources. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014 Jan 13;5(1):6.
- Via AG, Frizziero A, Oliva F. Biological properties of mesenchymal Stem Cells from different sources. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2012 Jul;2(3):154-62.
- Volk SW, Theoret C. Translating stem cell therapies: the role of companion animals in regenerative medicine. Wound Repair Regen 2013 May-Jun;21(3):382-94.
- Volk SW, Wang Y, Hankenson KD. Effects of donor characteristics and ex vivo expansion on canine mesenchymal stem cell properties: implications for MSC-based therapies. Cell Transplant 2012;21(10):2189-200.
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