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Home / Equine Research Bank / Am J Vet Res / Evaluation of infectivity of a canine lineage H3N8 influenza...
American journal of veterinary research2011; 72(8); 1071-1078; doi: 10.2460/ajvr.72.8.1071

Evaluation of infectivity of a canine lineage H3N8 influenza A virus in ponies and in primary equine respiratory epithelial cells.

Abstract: To evaluate whether an equine-derived canine H3N8 influenza A virus was capable of infecting and transmitting disease to ponies. Methods: 20 influenza virus-seronegative 12- to 24-month-old ponies. Methods: 5 ponies were inoculated via aerosol exposure with 10(7) TCID(50) of A/Canine/Wyoming/86033/07 virus (Ca/WY)/pony. A second group of 5 ponies (positive control group) was inoculated via aerosol exposure with a contemporary A/Eq/Colorado/10/07 virus (Eq/CO), and 4 sham-inoculated ponies served as a negative control group. To evaluate the potential for virus transmission, ponies (3/inoculation group) were introduced 2 days after aerosol exposure and housed with Ca/WY- and Eq/CO-inoculated ponies to serve as sentinel animals. Clinical signs, nasal virus shedding, and serologic responses to inoculation were monitored in all ponies for up to 21 days after viral inoculation. Growth and infection characteristics of viruses were examined by use of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and primary equine and canine respiratory epithelial cells. Results: Ponies inoculated with Ca/WY had mild changes in clinical appearance, compared with results for Eq/CO-inoculated ponies. Additionally, Ca/WY inoculation induced significantly lower numbers for copies of the matrix gene in nasal secretions and lower systemic antibody responses in ponies than did Eq/CO inoculation. The Ca/WY isolate was not transmitted to sentinel ponies. Conclusions: Inoculation of ponies with the canine H3N8 isolate resulted in mild clinical disease, minimal nasal virus shedding, and weak systemic antibody responses, compared with responses after inoculation with the equine H3N8 influenza isolate. These results suggested that Ca/WY has not maintained infectivity for ponies.
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Publication Date: 2011-08-02 PubMed ID: 21801065DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.8.1071Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article investigates whether a canine H3N8 influenza A virus, originally derived from horses, has the potential to infect and transmit disease to ponies. The study concluded that the canine H3N8 isolate was capable of causing a mild clinical disease in ponies, but demonstrated weak infectivity and was not transmitted to sentinel animals.

Research Methodology

  • To establish the infectivity of the canine H3N8 influenza A virus, the researchers exposed 20 virus-seronegative ponies, aged between 12 and 24 months, to the virus through aerosol exposure.
  • Five of these ponies were exposed to the A/Canine/Wyoming/86033/07 virus (referred to as Ca/WY), while another five (serving as the positive control group) were exposed to a contemporary A/Eq/Colorado/10/07 virus (Eq/CO). Another four ponies, which were sham-inoculated, served as the negative control group.
  • To assess potential virus transmission, three ponies from each inoculation group were introduced two days after aerosol exposure and were housed together with the Ca/WY- and Eq/CO-inoculated ponies as sentinel animals.
  • For a period of 21 days following viral inoculation, all ponies were monitored for any clinical signs, nasal virus shedding, and their serologic responses to the inoculation.
  • The characteristics of viral growth and infection were also analyzed using Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and primary equine and canine respiratory epithelial cells.

Research Findings

  • The ponies exposed to the Ca/WY virus exhibited mild changes in their clinical conditions, as compared to the ponies exposed to the Eq/CO virus.
  • The Ca/WY-inoculated ponies had significantly lower numbers of the matrix gene copies in their nasal secretions and also showed lower systemic antibody responses than did Eq/CO-inoculated ponies.
  • The Ca/WY isolate was not successfully transmitted to the sentinel ponies in the study.

Conclusions

  • The study concluded that the canine H3N8 strain could cause a mild clinical disease in ponies, but indicated weak systemic antibody responses and minimal nasal virus shedding. This was in contrast to the response seen in ponies post inoculation with the equine H3N8 influenza isolate.
  • The results suggested that the canine H3N8 virus, although initially derived from an equine variant, has not maintained its infectivity for ponies.

Cite This Article

APA
Quintana AM, Hussey SB, Burr EC, Pecoraro HL, Annis KM, Rao S, Landolt GA. (2011). Evaluation of infectivity of a canine lineage H3N8 influenza A virus in ponies and in primary equine respiratory epithelial cells. Am J Vet Res, 72(8), 1071-1078. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.72.8.1071

Publication

American journal of veterinary research
ISSN: 1943-5681
NlmUniqueID: 0375011
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 72
Issue: 8
Pages: 1071-1078

Researcher Affiliations

Quintana, Ayshea M
  • Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Hussey, Stephen B
    Burr, Ema C
      Pecoraro, Heidi L
        Annis, Kristina M
          Rao, Sangeeta
            Landolt, Gabriele A

              MeSH Terms

              • Animals
              • Antibodies, Viral / blood
              • Antibody Formation
              • Cells, Cultured
              • Dog Diseases / pathology
              • Dog Diseases / transmission
              • Dog Diseases / virology
              • Dogs
              • Epithelial Cells / virology
              • Horse Diseases / pathology
              • Horse Diseases / transmission
              • Horse Diseases / virology
              • Horses
              • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / isolation & purification
              • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / pathogenicity
              • Molecular Sequence Data
              • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / pathology
              • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / transmission
              • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
              • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
              • Random Allocation
              • Trachea / cytology
              • Trachea / virology
              • Virus Shedding

              Citations

              This article has been cited 8 times.
              1. Klivleyeva NG, Glebova TI, Shamenova MG, Saktaganov NT. Influenza A viruses circulating in dogs: A review of the scientific literature.. Open Vet J 2022 Sep-Oct;12(5):676-687.
                doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i5.12pubmed: 36589407google scholar: lookup
              2. Wen F, Blackmon S, Olivier AK, Li L, Guan M, Sun H, Wang PG, Wan XF. Mutation W222L at the Receptor Binding Site of Hemagglutinin Could Facilitate Viral Adaption from Equine Influenza A(H3N8) Virus to Dogs.. J Virol 2018 Sep 15;92(18).
                doi: 10.1128/JVI.01115-18pubmed: 29997206google scholar: lookup
              3. Feng KH, Gonzalez G, Deng L, Yu H, Tse VL, Huang L, Huang K, Wasik BR, Zhou B, Wentworth DE, Holmes EC, Chen X, Varki A, Murcia PR, Parrish CR. Equine and Canine Influenza H3N8 Viruses Show Minimal Biological Differences Despite Phylogenetic Divergence.. J Virol 2015 Jul;89(13):6860-73.
                doi: 10.1128/JVI.00521-15pubmed: 25903329google scholar: lookup
              4. Parrish CR, Murcia PR, Holmes EC. Influenza virus reservoirs and intermediate hosts: dogs, horses, and new possibilities for influenza virus exposure of humans.. J Virol 2015 Mar;89(6):2990-4.
                doi: 10.1128/JVI.03146-14pubmed: 25540375google scholar: lookup
              5. Pecoraro HL, Bennett S, Spindel ME, Landolt GA. Evolution of the hemagglutinin gene of H3N8 canine influenza virus in dogs.. Virus Genes 2014 Dec;49(3):393-9.
                doi: 10.1007/s11262-014-1102-8pubmed: 25056577google scholar: lookup
              6. Pecoraro HL, Bennett S, Garretson K, Quintana AM, Lunn KF, Landolt GA. Comparison of the Infectivity and Transmission of Contemporary Canine and Equine H3N8 Influenza Viruses in Dogs.. Vet Med Int 2013;2013:874521.
                doi: 10.1155/2013/874521pubmed: 24198997google scholar: lookup
              7. Yang G, Li S, Blackmon S, Ye J, Bradley KC, Cooley J, Smith D, Hanson L, Cardona C, Steinhauer DA, Webby R, Liao M, Wan XF. Mutation tryptophan to leucine at position 222 of haemagglutinin could facilitate H3N2 influenza A virus infection in dogs.. J Gen Virol 2013 Dec;94(Pt 12):2599-2608.
                doi: 10.1099/vir.0.054692-0pubmed: 23994833google scholar: lookup
              8. Yamanaka T, Nemoto M, Bannai H, Tsujimura K, Kondo T, Matsumura T, Muranaka M, Ueno T, Kinoshita Y, Niwa H, Hidari KI, Suzuki T. No evidence of horizontal infection in horses kept in close contact with dogs experimentally infected with canine influenza A virus (H3N8).. Acta Vet Scand 2012 Apr 16;54(1):25.
                doi: 10.1186/1751-0147-54-25pubmed: 22506984google scholar: lookup
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