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Stem cells and development2011; 21(2); 273-283; doi: 10.1089/scd.2010.0589

Evaluation of senescence in mesenchymal stem cells isolated from equine bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord tissue.

Abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from adult and neonatal tissues are intensively investigated for their use in regenerative medicine. The purpose of this study was to compare the onset of replicative senescence in MSCs isolated from equine bone marrow (BMSC), adipose tissue (ASC), and umbilical cord tissue (UCMSC). MSC proliferation (cell doubling), senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, telomere length, Sox-2, and lineage-specific marker expression were assessed for MSCs harvested from tissues of 4 different donors. The results show that before senescence ensued, all cell types proliferated at ∼1 day/cell doubling. BMSCs significantly increased population doubling rate by passage 10 and ceased proliferation after a little >30 total population doublings, whereas UCMSCs and ASCs achieved about 60 to 80 total population doublings. UCMSC and ASCs showed marked β-galactosidase staining after ∼70 population doublings, whereas BMSCs stained positive by ∼30 population doublings. The onset of senescence was associated with a significant reduction in telomere length averaging 10.2 kbp at passage 3 and 4.5 kbp in senescent cultures. MSCs stained intensively for osteonectin at senescence compared with earlier passages, whereas vimentin and low levels of smooth muscle actin were consistently expressed. Sox-2 gene expression was consistently noted in all 3 MSC types. In conclusion, equine BMSCs appear to senesce much earlier than ASCs and UCMSCs. These results demonstrate the limited passage numbers of subcultured BMSCs available for use in research and tissue engineering and suggest that adipose tissue and umbilical cord tissue may be preferable for tissue banking purposes.
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Publication Date: 2011-05-06 PubMed ID: 21410356DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0589Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research focuses on comparing the rate of senescence or biological aging in Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) extracted from equine bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord. The findings showed that MSCs from the bone marrow aged faster, indicating adipose tissue and umbilical cord as potentially more suitable for tissue engineering and research.

Comparison of Senescence in Different MSCs

  • The scientists investigated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from equine bone marrow, adipose tissue, and the umbilical cord.
  • Various parameters like cell proliferation, β-galactosidase staining (a marker of senescence), telomere length (part of DNA that shortens due to aging), Sox-2 gene, and lineage-specific marker expression were analyzed.
  • Comparison was done across MSCs derived from four distinct donors.

Findings and Observations

  • All types of cells proliferated at a steady rate before the onset of senescence.
  • Bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) tended to age faster. They showed increased cell doubling rates by passage 10 and stopped proliferating after around 30 total population doublings.
  • In contrast, both umbilical cord tissue MSCs (UCMSCs) and adipose tissue MSCs (ASCs) showed about 60 to 80 population doublings before aging onset.
  • Marked β-galactosidase staining was observed in UCMSCs and ASCs after about 70 population doublings, while BMSCs showed positive staining after about 30 population doublings, indicating more rapid aging progression in BMSCs.

Telomere Shortening and Gene Expression

  • Senescence onset was associated with significant reduction in telomere length. On average, the length dropped from 10.2 kbp at passage 3 to 4.5 kbp in senescent cultures.
  • At senescence, MSCs stained intensively for osteonectin compared to earlier passages, indicating changes in cellular properties.
  • Expression of vimentin, low levels of smooth muscle actin, and consistent Sox-2 gene expression were found in all three types of MSCs.

Implications of the Research

  • BMSCs appeared to undergo senescence far earlier than ASCs and UCMSCs. This signifies limited availability of passaged BMSCs for research and tissue engineering.
  • The higher endurance of ASCs and UCMSCs indicates their potential as preferred sources for tissue banking.

Cite This Article

APA
Vidal MA, Walker NJ, Napoli E, Borjesson DL. (2011). Evaluation of senescence in mesenchymal stem cells isolated from equine bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord tissue. Stem Cells Dev, 21(2), 273-283. https://doi.org/10.1089/scd.2010.0589

Publication

Stem cells and development
ISSN: 1557-8534
NlmUniqueID: 101197107
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 21
Issue: 2
Pages: 273-283

Researcher Affiliations

Vidal, Martin A
  • Department of Surgical and Radiological Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA. mavidal@ucdavis.edu
Walker, Naomi J
    Napoli, Eleonora
      Borjesson, Dori L

        MeSH Terms

        • Actins / genetics
        • Actins / metabolism
        • Adipose Tissue / cytology
        • Adipose Tissue / metabolism
        • Animals
        • Biomarkers / metabolism
        • Bone Marrow Cells / cytology
        • Bone Marrow Cells / metabolism
        • Cell Differentiation
        • Cell Proliferation
        • Cells, Cultured
        • Cellular Senescence / genetics
        • Gene Expression
        • Horses
        • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / cytology
        • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / metabolism
        • Osteonectin / genetics
        • Osteonectin / metabolism
        • SOXB1 Transcription Factors / genetics
        • SOXB1 Transcription Factors / metabolism
        • Telomere / genetics
        • Telomere Homeostasis / genetics
        • Tissue Banks
        • Umbilical Cord / cytology
        • Umbilical Cord / metabolism
        • Vimentin / genetics
        • Vimentin / metabolism

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