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Home / Equine Research Bank / BMC Vet Res / Evaluation of six serological ELISA kits available in Italy ...
BMC veterinary research2017; 13(1); 105; doi: 10.1186/s12917-017-1007-6

Evaluation of six serological ELISA kits available in Italy as screening tests for equine infectious anaemia surveillance.

Abstract: ELISAs are known to have a higher diagnostic sensitivity than the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) when employed for serological diagnosis of equine infectious anaemia (EIA). For this purpose, an "in-house" and five commercial ELISAs available in Italy were assessed by the National Reference Centre for EIA for their analytic specificity (Sp); precocity, defined as capability of detecting first antibodies produced during a new infection; precision based on repeatability and reproducibility, estimated from the coefficient of variation (CV); accuracy, estimated from multiple K and relative Sp and sensitivity (Se). Two serum panels, positive for non-equine retroviruses and the most frequent equine viruses, were employed to measure analytic Sp. ELISA precocity was also compared to that of one "in-house" and three commercial AGID kits, employing a panel of sera, collected weekly from horses infected with modified EIA viruses. Precision and accuracy were defined using results of a panel containing positive and negative sera examined in an inter-laboratory trial with the participation of the ten Official Laboratories. Furthermore, a questionnaire was used to assess the appropriateness of each kit for routine use. Results: Analytic Sp was 100%, while the 75th percentile of CVs for positive sera varied from 0.4% to 12.73% for repeatability and from 1.6% to 44.87% for reproducibility. Although CV of the negative serum was constantly high, its outcome was unaltered. Relative Se ranged from 98.2% to 100%, relative Sp was constantly 100% and multiple K ranged from 0.95 to 1. Precocity differed among the assays: three kits detected 4.8% and 42.9% positive samples on 21 days post infection (dpi), all assays detected positive samples on 28 dpi, between 47.6% and 95.2%. Precocity of ELISAs was superior to that of the AGIDs except for two assays. In view of the feedback obtained from the questionnaires, all kits were considered appropriate for routine use. Conclusions: All ELISAs having high Se and precocity are preferable as a screening test in EIA surveillance programmes to the AGID tests examined. These two tests can be incorporated in a serial diagnostic pathway to improve the efficacy of a surveillance plan.
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Publication Date: 2017-04-14 PubMed ID: 28410613PubMed Central: PMC5391595DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1007-6Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Evaluation Study
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article aimed to assess six ELISA kits, including an “in-house” kit and five commercial kits available in Italy, for their ability to diagnose equine infectious anaemia (EIA). The researchers evaluated the kits based on their sensitivity, specificity, precision, and accuracy. Overall, the ELISA kits were found to be superior to agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) tests, making them preferable for use in EIA surveillance programmes.

Objective and Methodology

  • The main objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the performance of six different ELISA kits, one “in-house” and five commercial kits, in detecting and diagnosing equine infectious anaemia (EIA), a contagious disease of horses.
  • The evaluation criteria included analytic specificity, precocity (which refers to the ability to detect early antibodies produced during a new infection), precision (assessed through repeatability and reproducibility from the coefficient of variation), accuracy (estimated from multiple K and relative Sp and sensitivity).
  • Two serum panels, one positive for non-equine retroviruses and the other for the most common equine viruses, were used for testing the analytic specificity. Additionally, another panel of sera, collected weekly from horses infected with modified EIA viruses, was employed to compare the precocity of ELISAs and AGIDs.
  • To define precision and accuracy, results of a panel containing both positive and negative sera examined in an inter-laboratory trial with the participation of ten Official Laboratories were used.

Findings

  • The study found that all ELISA kits exhibited 100% analytic specificity. The coefficient of variation for positive sera ranged from 0.4% to 12.73% for repeatability and from 1.6% to 44.87% for reproducibility.
  • The relative sensitivity of the kits ranged from 98.2% to 100%, while the relative specificity was a consistent 100% for all kits. The multiple K value, indicating inter-rater reliability, ranged from 0.95 to 1.
  • In terms of precocity, the kits varied. Three of the kits detected between 4.8% and 42.9% positive samples 21 days after infection. By the 28th day, all assays had detected positive samples, although detection rates varied between 47.6% and 95.2%. ELISAs were found to have better precocity than AGIDs, with a couple of exceptions.

Conclusion and Implications

  • The researchers concluded that the ELISA kits’ high sensitivity and precocity make them a preferable choice as a screening test in EIA surveillance programs over the AGID tests examined.
  • The study suggests that these tests could be used in a sequential diagnostic pathway to improve the efficiency of a surveillance plan, offering a valuable recommendation for equine health surveillance.

Cite This Article

APA
(2017). Evaluation of six serological ELISA kits available in Italy as screening tests for equine infectious anaemia surveillance. BMC Vet Res, 13(1), 105. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-017-1007-6

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 1
Pages: 105
PII: 105

Researcher Affiliations

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Viral / blood
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / methods
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary
  • Equine Infectious Anemia / diagnosis
  • Equine Infectious Anemia / virology
  • Horses
  • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / immunology
  • Italy
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Sensitivity and Specificity

Grant Funding

  • 001 / World Health Organization

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Hu Z, Guo K, Du C, Sun J, Naletoski I, Chu X, Lin Y, Wang X, Barrandeguy M, Samuel M, Wang W, Lau PI, Wernery U, Raghavan R, Wang X. Development and evaluation of a blocking ELISA for serological diagnosis of equine infectious anemia.. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023 May;107(10):3305-3317.
    doi: 10.1007/s00253-023-12504-5pubmed: 37039847google scholar: lookup
  2. Lupulovic D, Savić S, Gaudaire D, Berthet N, Grgić Ž, Matović K, Deshiere A, Hans A. Identification and genetic characterization of equine infectious anemia virus in Western Balkans.. BMC Vet Res 2021 Apr 15;17(1):168.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-021-02849-2pubmed: 33858420google scholar: lookup
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