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Equine veterinary journal2021; 54(3); 531-540; doi: 10.1111/evj.13482

Evaluation of the combined glucose-insulin and intravenous glucose tolerance tests for insulin dysregulation diagnosis in donkeys.

Abstract: Insulin dysregulation (ID) and donkey metabolic syndrome (DMS) are common in this species. Contrary to horses, diagnostic guidelines compiling insulin cut-offs values and dynamic testing interpretations have not been reported for this species. Objective: To evaluate resting serum insulin concentrations, the combined glucose-insulin test (CGIT) and the glucose intravenous tolerance test (IVGTT) for the diagnosis of DMS with ID suspicion. Methods: Diagnostic test comparison. Methods: Six of 80 mix-breed adult donkeys fulfilled the inclusion criteria for DMS based on history or clinical evidence of recurrent laminitis, body condition >6 and neck score >2 or baseline insulin and leptin concentrations >20 µIU/mL and >12 ng/mL respectively. CGIT and IVGTT were performed in all donkeys within a week and interpreted following guidelines reported for equine metabolic syndrome (EMS). Insulin and glucose curves were analysed, proxies calculated and correlations and multivariate analysis assessed. Results: Following EMS guidelines, CGIT classified 2 (using glucose-positive phase duration) or 3 (using insulin concentration) and IVGTT classified 5 donkeys as ID. ID donkeys showed a lower glucose/insulin ratio, QUICKI and RISQI, and a higher insulin/glucose ratio, MIRG and HOMA-B%. Conclusions: Comparison of these tests with additional dynamic testing including a larger number of ID donkeys is necessary. Conclusions: This is the first study evaluating dynamic tests to assess ID/DMS in DMS-suspected donkeys. IVGTT detected more ID donkeys than CGIT. EMS recommendations could also be used for DMS diagnosis, although a baseline insulin cut-off value is needed.
© 2021 The Authors. Equine Veterinary Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of EVJ Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2021-07-12 PubMed ID: 34109681DOI: 10.1111/evj.13482Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study aims to assess the efficiency of two diagnostic tests, the combined glucose-insulin test (CGIT) and the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), in detecting insulin dysregulation and donkey metabolic syndrome (DMS) in donkeys. The study indicates that the IVGTT was more effective in identifying donkeys with insulin dysregulation, but further testing with a larger sample size is needed.

Objective of the Research

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the combined glucose-insulin test (CGIT) and the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) in diagnosing donkey metabolic syndrome (DMS) with suspected insulin dysregulation (ID). This is important because guidelines for diagnosing such conditions in donkeys are not well established, unlike in horses.

Methodology

  • Diagnostic test comparison was the method used for this study. 80 mix breed adult donkeys were initially examined, but only six met the criteria for DMS.
  • The criteria for DMS included history or clinical evidence of recurrent laminitis, body condition, neck score, and baseline insulin and leptin concentrations.
  • Both CGIT and IVGTT were performed on these six donkeys within a week. The interpretation of the results followed guidelines reported for equine metabolic syndrome (EMS).
  • Insulin and glucose curves were analyzed along with several proxies, with correlations and multivariate analysis applied.

Results

  • The CGIT and IVGTT had differing results. Following EMS guidelines, CGIT diagnosed 2-3 donkeys with ID, whereas IVGTT diagnosed 5.
  • Donkeys diagnosed with ID showed varying insulin/glucose ratios and several proxies, indicating insulin dysregulation.

Conclusions

  • The research concluded that the IVGTT was able to detect more donkeys with insulin dysregulation than CGIT.
  • Before drawing solid conclusions, the study recommends further dynamic testing with a larger number of ID donkeys.
  • The study also suggests that EMS recommendations could potentially be used for DMS diagnosis in donkeys, although a specific baseline insulin cut-off value is yet to be determined for the donkey population.
  • This research represents the first study evaluating dynamic tests to assess insulin dysregulation and metabolic syndrome in donkeys suspecting of having these conditions.

Cite This Article

APA
Mendoza FJ, Mejia-Moreira S, Buchanan BR, Toribio RE, Perez-Ecija A. (2021). Evaluation of the combined glucose-insulin and intravenous glucose tolerance tests for insulin dysregulation diagnosis in donkeys. Equine Vet J, 54(3), 531-540. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13482

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 54
Issue: 3
Pages: 531-540

Researcher Affiliations

Mendoza, Francisco Javier
  • Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
Mejia-Moreira, Sebastian
  • Equimed Ambulatory Practice, Quito, Ecuador.
Buchanan, Ben R
  • Brazos Valley Equine Hospital, Navasota, TX, USA.
Toribio, Ramiro E
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Perez-Ecija, Alejandro
  • Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Blood Glucose / metabolism
  • Equidae
  • Glucose
  • Glucose Tolerance Test / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horses
  • Insulin
  • Metabolic Syndrome / veterinary

Grant Funding

  • Programa Operativo de Fondos FEDER Andalucu00eda (Spain)
  • Plan Propio de Investigacion from the University of Cordoba (Spain)

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Mendoza FJ, Toribio RE, Perez-Ecija A. Metabolic and Endocrine Insights in Donkeys. Animals (Basel) 2024 Feb 10;14(4).
    doi: 10.3390/ani14040590pubmed: 38396558google scholar: lookup
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