Evaluation of the in vitro effects of local anesthetics on equine chondrocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes.
Abstract: To investigate the in vitro effects of clinically relevant concentrations of the local anesthetics (LAs) bupivacaine, lidocaine, lidocaine with preservative (LP), mepivacaine, and ropivacaine on equine chondrocyte and fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) viability. Methods: Chondrocytes and FLSs of the metacarpophalangeal joints of 4 healthy adult horses. Methods: Viability of chondrocytes and FLSs was determined with 3 assays: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and trypan blue (TB) exclusion (only FLS). Viability was assessed after 30- and 60-minute exposures to 0.0625%, 0.125%, and 0.25% bupivacaine; 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% lidocaine; 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% LP; 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% mepivacaine; and 0.125%, 0.25%, and 0.5% ropivacaine. Results: Viability of chondrocytes was significantly decreased with exposure to 0.25% bupivacaine, 1% lidocaine, 1% LP, 1% mepivacaine, and 0.25% ropivacaine. Viability of FLSs was significantly decreased with exposure to 0.25% bupivacaine, 1% mepivacaine, 1% LP, and 0.5% ropivacaine. Conclusions: Clinically relevant concentrations of LAs had in vitro time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity for chondrocytes and FLSs isolated from the metacarpophalangeal joints of healthy horses. Bupivacaine was more toxic to chondrocytes than lidocaine, mepivacaine, and ropivacaine, whereas bupivacaine, LP, mepivacaine, and ropivacaine were more toxic to FLSs than preservative-free lidocaine. Several LAs may negatively affect chondrocyte and FLS viability.
Publication Date: 2021-05-26 PubMed ID: 34032483DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.82.6.478Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The study investigates the effects of various local anesthetics on the viability of specific cell types in horses, discovering that these drugs can be toxic to these cells, potentially impacting the health of the horse’s joints.
Research Aim and Methodology
- The primary aim of this research was to study the in vitro effects of a range of local anesthetics on the health and viability of equine chondrocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS).
- The anesthetics used in the investigation were bupivacaine, lidocaine, lidocaine with preservative (LP), mepivacaine, and ropivacaine. These were tested in varying concentrations.
- Chondrocytes and FLS cells, which were taken from the metacarpophalangeal joints of four healthy adult horses, were exposed to these anesthetics.
- The viability of the cells was measured using three different methods: the MTT assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, and the trypan blue (TB) exclusion test.
Research Findings
- The study revealed significant decreases in cell viability when chondrocytes and FLS cells were exposed to the anesthetics.
- Particularly, chondrocyte viability was significantly decreased when exposed to 0.25% bupivacaine, 1% lidocaine, 1% LP, 1% mepivacaine, and 0.25% ropivacaine.
- The same patterns of decrease in viability were also observed in FLSs though the anesthetics concentrations were slightly different.
- Bupivacaine was found to be the most toxic to chondrocytes when compared to lidocaine, mepivacaine, and ropivacaine. Meanwhile, bupivacaine, LP, mepivacaine, and ropivacaine were found to be more toxic to FLSs than preservative-free lidocaine.
Conclusions from the Research
- The results demonstrated that the anesthetics used could have in vitro time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects on chondrocyte and FLS cells, which were isolated from the metacarpophalangeal joints of healthy horses.
- This implies that using these local anesthetics may adversely affect the viability of important cell types in horses’ joints, potentially impacting overall joint health.
Cite This Article
APA
Adler DMT, Frellesen JF, Karlsen CV, Jensen LD, Dahm ASQ, Berg LC.
(2021).
Evaluation of the in vitro effects of local anesthetics on equine chondrocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes.
Am J Vet Res, 82(6), 478-486.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.82.6.478 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Amides / pharmacology
- Anesthetics, Local / pharmacology
- Animals
- Bupivacaine / pharmacology
- Chondrocytes
- Fibroblasts
- Horses
- Lidocaine / pharmacology
- Synoviocytes
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Mwale C, Sunaga T, Wang Y, Bwalya EC, Wijekoon HMS, Kim S, Okumura M. In vitro chondrotoxicity of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine and ropivacaine and their effects on caspase activity in cultured canine articular chondrocytes.. J Vet Med Sci 2023 Apr 22;85(4):515-522.
- Zhang K, Li M, Yao W, Wan L. Cytotoxicity of Local Anesthetics on Bone, Joint, and Muscle Tissues: A Narrative Review of the Current Literature.. J Pain Res 2023;16:611-621.
- Adler DMT, Jørgensen E, Cornett C. The concentration of lidocaine and mepivacaine measured in synovial fluid of different joints of horses after single intra-articular injection.. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:1007399.
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