Evaluation of the repair process of cartilage defects of the equine third carpal bone with and without subchondral bone perforation.
Abstract: To determine the effect of subchondral bone drilling (forage) on the cartilage repair process after injury has occurred, a cartilage defect (1 cm in diameter) was created on the radial facet of the proximal surface of each third carpal bone in 6 adult horses. In one of the third carpal bones (right or left thoracic limb) of each horse, a 1-cm cartilage defect was created, and 5 holes (1 mm in diameter and 10 mm deep) were drilled through the subchondral bone into the cancellous bone. In the other thoracic limb, an identical defect was created, but not drilled. Analyses of cell numbers and types in the synovia and the mucin precipitate quality were done before, at 1 week after, and 3 weeks after surgical manipulation was done and showed no significant difference between the joint environment of drilled carpi and those of nondrilled carpi. At 21 weeks after surgical manipulation was done, each joint was examined radiographically, macroscopically, and microscopically to compare the condition of the joints and the state of repair of the cartilage in each defect. The amount of surface of the defect covered by the dense fibrous and fibrocartilagenous repair tissue and the thickness of the repair tissue were significantly greater (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively) in the drilled carpal bones. In addition, the attachment of the repair tissue to underlying chondro-osseous tissue was better in the drilled carpal bones. Fibrocartilage was resurfacing the drilled defects, whereas only fibrous tissue was present in the nondrilled defects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Publication Date: 1986-12-01 PubMed ID: 3800125
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This study investigates the implications of subchondral bone drilling on the process of cartilage repair in horses. The results show that drilling enhances the quality and speed of cartilage repair following injury.
Research Methodology
- The experiment involved six adult horses. In each horse, a 1 cm cartilage defect or injury was deliberately created on the radial facet of the proximal surface of each third carpal bone.
- In one leg of each horse, five additional holes were drilled into the subchondral bone and into the cancellous bone beneath the primary defect. This was not done in the other leg, serving as the control group.
- The horses were monitored before the surgical manipulation, one week after, and again three weeks after. The analysis included observing the number and types of cells in the synovia (a thin layer of tissue lining the spaces of diarthrodial joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae) and the quality of the precipitate.
Observations and Findings
- No significant difference in joint environment was found between the drilled and non-drilled carpal bones immediately after the procedure.
- After 21 weeks, a radiographic, macroscopic, and microscopic examination of each joint was conducted. The focus was to compare the general condition of the joints, and the state of cartilage repair in each.
- The repair tissue covering the surface of the drilled defects proved to be denser and thicker compared to the non-drilled ones, indicating more effective repair (P < 0.05 and 0.01, respectively).
- The attachment of the repair tissue to the underlying chondro-osseous tissue was found to be stronger in the drilled carpal bones.
- Fibrocartilage was observed resurfacing the drilled defects, while only fibrous tissue was present in the non-drilled defects, again pointing to better repair in the drilled bones.
Conclusion
- The results suggest that subchondral bone drilling could be an effective technique to enhance the repair of cartilage defects in horses. This could have implications for veterinary practice and potentially for human medicine.
Cite This Article
APA
Vachon A, Bramlage LR, Gabel AA, Weisbrode S.
(1986).
Evaluation of the repair process of cartilage defects of the equine third carpal bone with and without subchondral bone perforation.
Am J Vet Res, 47(12), 2637-2645.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bone Regeneration
- Carpal Bones / surgery
- Carpus, Animal / injuries
- Carpus, Animal / surgery
- Cartilage, Articular / injuries
- Forelimb / injuries
- Horses / surgery
Citations
This article has been cited 6 times.- Buhrmann C, Honarvar A, Setayeshmehr M, Karbasi S, Shakibaei M, Valiani A. Herbal Remedies as Potential in Cartilage Tissue Engineering: An Overview of New Therapeutic Approaches and Strategies. Molecules 2020 Jul 6;25(13).
- Gao L, Goebel LKH, Orth P, Cucchiarini M, Madry H. Subchondral drilling for articular cartilage repair: a systematic review of translational research. Dis Model Mech 2018 Jun 19;11(6).
- McIlwraith CW, Fortier LA, Frisbie DD, Nixon AJ. Equine Models of Articular Cartilage Repair. Cartilage 2011 Oct;2(4):317-26.
- Cobb TK, Walden AL, Wilt JM. Arthroscopic Resection Arthroplasty of the Radial Column for SLAC Wrist. J Wrist Surg 2014 May;3(2):114-22.
- Kaul G, Cucchiarini M, Remberger K, Kohn D, Madry H. Failed cartilage repair for early osteoarthritis defects: a biochemical, histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the repair tissue after treatment with marrow-stimulation techniques. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2012 Nov;20(11):2315-24.
- Desjardins MR, Hurtig MB. Cartilage healing: A review with emphasis on the equine model. Can Vet J 1990 Aug;31(8):565-72.
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