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Veterinary medicine and science2022; 8(2); 561-567; doi: 10.1002/vms3.728

Evaluation of the treatment of equine glandular gastric disease with either long-acting-injectable or oral omeprazole.

Abstract: Equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) is common in domesticated horses and can be challenging to treat. Oral omeprazole (ORLO) is used widely but the clinical response is frequently poor. Objective: To compare rates of EGGD healing and improvement between ORLO and a long-acting injectable omeprazole preparation (LAIO). Methods: Retrospective clinical study. Methods: The case records and gastroscopy images of horses presenting to masked for peer review over a 12-month period were reviewed, with images blindly assessed by one of the authors. Treatment responses to 4 mg/kg LAIO administered every 7 days for 2 and 4 weeks were compared with ORLO 4 mg/kg PO q24hrs for 4 weeks. Data were compared using a Mann-Whitney U test with post-hoc Dunn's test, Chi-squared test and a Fisher's exact test. Results: Thirty-three horses that received LAIO and 12 that received ORLO were identified. Nine horses in the LAIO had received other treatments previously. The groups were comparable in signalment and EGGD lesion severity. Long-acting injectable omeprazole was found to be non-inferior to ORLO. LAIO was associated with better healing rates than ORLO at 4 weeks (LAIO-80%; ORLO-42%; p = 0.02), and reduction in lesion severity at 2 and 4 weeks in the LAIO group but not in the ORLO group at 4 weeks. Eighteen percent of horses in the LAIO group and 50% in the ORLO group did not heal at 4 weeks. There was no association between rate of healing or improvement and resolution or improvement of clinical signs. Six localised and self-limiting injection site reactions were identified in 4 horses treated with LAIO (6.7%). Conclusions: Retrospective design, small numbers and the use of other treatments prior to use of LAIO. Conclusions: LAIO was found to be non-inferior to oral omeprazole for EGGD. Larger blinded randomised clinical trials are justified.
© 2022 The Authors. Veterinary Medicine and Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2022-02-15 PubMed ID: 35167731PubMed Central: PMC8959258DOI: 10.1002/vms3.728Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article investigates the effectiveness of long-acting injectable omeprazole (LAIO) as compared to oral omeprazole (ORLO) in treating equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD), a common ailment in domesticated horses. The results suggest that LAIO has higher healing rates and reduces lesion severity more effectively than ORLO.

Research Background

  • The research is motivated by the high prevalence of EGGD in domestic horses and the challenges associated with its treatment. The standard treatment, ORLO, often results in poor clinical responses.

Research Objective and Methodology

  • The objective of the study is to compare the efficacy of LAIO and ORLO in healing EGGD and improving the condition of the affected horses. It aims to establish if LAIO is non-inferior or even superior to ORLO.
  • The researchers conducted a retrospective clinical study where they reviewed the case records and gastroscopy images of horses treated with either LAIO or ORLO over a 12-month period.
  • The therapies involved administering 4 mg/kg of LAIO every 7 days for a duration of 2 to 4 weeks, or treating with 4mg/kg of ORLO every 24 hours for 4 weeks. The treatments given to both groups were statistically analysed to assess and compare their effectiveness.

Results

  • The study included 33 horses treated with LAIO and 12 horses treated with ORLO. Nine of the horses in the LAIO group had undergone other treatments before.
  • The two treatment groups were found to be comparable in terms of signalment and EGGD lesion severity.
  • LAIO was found to be non-inferior to ORLO, with higher healing rates (LAIO: 80%; ORLO: 42%) and reductions in lesion severity over the course of treatment.
  • The study also found that 18% of horses in the LAIO group and 50% in the ORLO group did not heal completely after 4 weeks of treatment.
  • No association was found between the rate of healing or improvement and the resolution or amelioration of clinical signs.
  • Six localised and self-limiting injection site reactions were identified in 4 horses treated with LAIO, representing a 6.7% occurrence rate.

Conclusion

  • While acknowledging the limitations of the study, such as its retrospective design and small sample size, the researchers concluded that LAIO is non-inferior to ORLO in treating EGGD.
  • Due to the promising results, they recommend conducting larger, blinded and randomised clinical trials to further validate the results of this preliminary study.

Cite This Article

APA
Gough S, Hallowell G, Rendle D. (2022). Evaluation of the treatment of equine glandular gastric disease with either long-acting-injectable or oral omeprazole. Vet Med Sci, 8(2), 561-567. https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.728

Publication

Veterinary medicine and science
ISSN: 2053-1095
NlmUniqueID: 101678837
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 8
Issue: 2
Pages: 561-567

Researcher Affiliations

Gough, Sarah
  • Rainbow Equine Hospital, Malton, North Yorkshire, YO17 6SG.
Hallowell, Gayle
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Rendle, David
  • Rainbow Equine Hospital, Malton, North Yorkshire, YO17 6SG.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Gastroscopy / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases / drug therapy
  • Horses
  • Omeprazole / therapeutic use
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Stomach Diseases / veterinary

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Citations

This article has been cited 6 times.
  1. Vokes J, Lovett A, Sykes B. Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome: An Update on Current Knowledge. Animals (Basel) 2023 Apr 5;13(7).
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  2. Pratt SL, Bowen M, Hallowell GH, Shipman E, Bailey J, Redpath A. Does lesion type or severity predict outcome of therapy for horses with equine glandular gastric disease? - A retrospective study. Vet Med Sci 2023 Jan;9(1):150-157.
    doi: 10.1002/vms3.1034pubmed: 36495212google scholar: lookup
  3. Klinck M, Lovett A, Sykes B. Incorporating a Behavioral Medicine Approach in the Multi-Modal Management of Chronic Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS): A Clinical Commentary. Animals (Basel) 2025 Oct 17;15(20).
    doi: 10.3390/ani15203019pubmed: 41153946google scholar: lookup
  4. Frippiat T, Bonhomme M, Dyson S, Votion DM. Evaluation of Owner-Reported Clinical Signs and Fecal Occult Blood Tests as Predictors of Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome in Competition Dressage Horses. J Vet Intern Med 2025 Nov-Dec;39(6):e70248.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.70248pubmed: 41055229google scholar: lookup
  5. Sykes B, Lovett A. Can All Behavioral Problems Be Blamed on Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome?. Animals (Basel) 2025 Jan 22;15(3).
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  6. Harding C, Viljanto M, Hincks P, Habershon-Butcher J, Paine SW. Plasma and Urine Pharmacokinetics of Long-Acting Injectable Omeprazole Following Intramuscular Administrations to Healthy Thoroughbred Horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2025 May;48(3):155-162.
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