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Vaccines2020; 8(2); 268; doi: 10.3390/vaccines8020268

Evaluation of Three Different Vaccination Protocols against EHV1/EHV4 Infection in Mares: Double Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial.

Abstract: EHV1 and EHV4 are the most important herpesviruses in horses. Repeated cases of abortion in mares regularly vaccinated, prompted us to investigate the immune response after vaccination with the same inactivated vaccine, but with three different protocols. Eighteen mares were chosen and randomly divided in three study groups (G-G-G) and a control group (Ctrl). For serologic and PCR investigations nasal swabs, sera and blood were collected. The protocol used in G (4 doses) increased the titer recorded by ELISA and seroneutralization (SN). Poor agreement and no correlation were observed in titer values between ELISA and SN and between SN and PCR. A very weak positive correlation between ELISA and PCR was obtained. Seven out of 18 nasal swabs were positive by PCR; none showed viremia and no abortion occurred, regardless of vaccination status and despite active circulation of EHV-1 in the farm at the time of the study. The study was conducted in field conditions, in a susceptible population with a known history of infection and abortion, and among the three protocols, the one proposed in the G was the least efficient while the one proposed for the G, seems to have induced a higher antibody titer in both SN and ELISA.
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Publication Date: 2020-06-01 PubMed ID: 32492841PubMed Central: PMC7350013DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020268Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article presents a clinical trial study that tested three different vaccination protocols aimed at protecting horses against EHV1 and EHV4 herpesviruses. The study illustrates the varying levels of efficiency of the protocols in producing immune response in mares.

Introduction and Methodology

  • The study was motivated by frequent cases of abortion in mares that were already regularly vaccinated against EHV1 and EHV4, leading the researchers to explore the immune response after vaccination with the same inactivated vaccine, but under different protocols.
  • A total of eighteen mares were selected and randomly segregated into three study groups (G-G-G) and a control group (Ctrl). The chest groups were each subjected to a different vaccination protocol.
  • Data for the study was collected through nasal swabs, blood samples, and sera for serological and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) investigations.

Findings and Implications

  • The protocol followed by one of the study groups, the G (4 doses) group, was noted to have increased the antibody titer as identified via Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Seroneutralization (SN).
  • The study revealed poor agreement and lack of correlation in titer values between ELISA and SN, as well as between SN and PCR.
  • Only a very weak positive correlation was found between ELISA and PCR.
  • PCR analysis on nasal swabs revealed that seven out of the eighteen samples were positive; however, none showed signs of viremia (presence of viruses in the blood) and no abortion occurred, irrespective of the vaccination status. This was despite active circulation of EHV-1 in the farm during the study period.
  • Among the three protocols tested in real-world conditions, the method proposed for one of the study groups proved to be the least efficient. On the other hand, the protocol followed by another group appeared to have induced a higher antibody titer in both SN and ELISA tests.
  • The findings of the study shed light on the effectiveness of different vaccination protocols and call attention to the need for further analysis and improvements in the existing horse vaccination protocols against herpesviruses.

Cite This Article

APA
(2020). Evaluation of Three Different Vaccination Protocols against EHV1/EHV4 Infection in Mares: Double Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial. Vaccines (Basel), 8(2), 268. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020268

Publication

Vaccines
ISSN: 2076-393X
NlmUniqueID: 101629355
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 8
Issue: 2
PII: 268

Researcher Affiliations

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
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