Evaluation of totally implantable catheters in healthy horses.
Abstract: For horses requiring prolonged daily cephalic intravenous regional limb perfusion (IVRLP), the use of a totally implantable catheter (TIC) could be indicated to reduce complications associated with frequent venipuncture or external catheterization. This study aims to evaluate the implantation technique of the TIC in the cephalic vein of horses for IVRLP, describe the complications associated with the device's placement and use, and assess its viability up to 60 days after implantation. Totally implantable catheters, cut to 15 cm (n = 5) and 46 cm (n = 5) in length, were implanted into one cephalic vein in ten adult horses (n = 10). Twenty-four hours following placement, IVRLP with contrast was performed via the TIC and evaluated with radiography. Physical examinations, lameness evaluation, hematologic assessment, and the catheter patency tests were performed at scheduled intervals for the duration of catheterization (7-60 days). Results: Catheters were implanted without difficulty and allowed for IVRLP 24 h post implantation. Complications resulted in removal of the catheters, with four maintained for 7 days, three in place for 15 days, and three catheters maintained for 60 days. Complications included lameness, limb swelling, catheter kinking, and venous thrombosis. Conclusions: The implantation technique of the TIC in the cephalic vein of horses is feasible and requires minimal technical effort. Although TIC allows venous access without the need for repeated venipuncture, its long-term use presents complications. For horses requiring prolonged daily cephalic IVRLP, the use of a TIC could be indicated. However, the high incidence of venous thrombosis may limit clinical application.
© 2021. The Author(s).
Publication Date: 2021-10-26 PubMed ID: 34702265PubMed Central: PMC8549289DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03052-zGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This study evaluates the use of totally implantable catheters (TICs) in horses for sustained intravenous regional limb perfusion (IVRLP). The research investigates the implantation procedure, the associated complications, and the viability up to 60 days after implantation.
Implantation Process
- The study involved ten adult horses. Each horse had a TIC, measuring either 15cm or 46cm, implanted into their cephalic vein. The IVRLP was performed through the TIC and evaluated with radiography 24 hours post-implantation.
- Various examinations such as physical assessments, lameness analysis, hematologic evaluation, and catheter patency tests were regularly conducted throughout the catheterization period, which varied between 7 to 60 days.
Findings
- The results showcased that the catheters were easily implanted and facilitated IVRLP 24 hours following the procedure. The complications emerging from this procedure led to the removal of the catheters. Four of the catheters remained in place for a week, three lasted for 15 days, whereas the remaining three stayed up to 60 days.
- The complications mainly included lameness, limb swelling, catheter kinking, and venous thrombosis.
Conclusions
- The study concluded that the implantation technique of TIC in the cephalic vein of horses is a feasible procedure requiring minimal technical effort. While TIC allows venous access without needing regular venipuncture, it presents some long-term complications.
- For horses necessitating protracted daily cephalic IVRLP, the application of TIC could be suggested. However, the high incidence of venous thrombosis might restrict its clinical use.
Cite This Article
APA
de Souza Garcia AF, Ribeiro G, de Assis Arantes J, Reginato GM, Xavier NV, Carregaro AB, Silva TJF, Grigoletto R, de Freitas SH, Dória RGS.
(2021).
Evaluation of totally implantable catheters in healthy horses.
BMC Vet Res, 17(1), 339.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-03052-z Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- United Metropolitan Colleges, Rua Ministro Nelson Hungria, 541, Vila Tramontano, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05690-050, Brazil.
- United Metropolitan Colleges, Rua Ministro Nelson Hungria, 541, Vila Tramontano, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05690-050, Brazil.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Rua Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Jardim Elite, 13.635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Rua Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Jardim Elite, 13.635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Rua Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Jardim Elite, 13.635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Rua Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Jardim Elite, 13.635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Rua Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Jardim Elite, 13.635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Rua Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Jardim Elite, 13.635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Rua Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Jardim Elite, 13.635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Rua Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Jardim Elite, 13.635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil. redoria@usp.br.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Catheterization / veterinary
- Catheters, Indwelling / veterinary
- Forelimb / blood supply
- Horses / physiology
- Horses / surgery
- Perfusion / veterinary
- Vascular Surgical Procedures / methods
Conflict of Interest Statement
No competing interests have been declared.
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