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BMC veterinary research2014; 10; 250; doi: 10.1186/s12917-014-0250-3

Evaluation of ultrasound velocity in enucleated equine aqueous humor, lens and vitreous body.

Abstract: Sonographic ophthalmic examinations have become increasingly important in veterinary medicine. If the velocity of ultrasound in ocular tissues is known, the A-mode ultrasound method may be used to determine the axial intraocular distances, such as anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, axial length of the vitreous and axial globe length, which are required for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations. To the authors' knowledge, the velocity of ultrasound in the ocular tissues of the horse was not previously determined. In the present study, 33 lenses, 29 samples of aqueous and 31 of vitreous from 35 healthy equine eyes have been examined. The corresponding ultrasound velocities are reported in dependence of age, temperature, gender and elapsed time after enucleation. Results: The velocity of ultrasound at 36°C in equine aqueous, lens and vitreous are 1529 ±10 m/s, 1654± 29 m/s and 1527 ±16 m/s respectively, and the corresponding conversion factors are 0.998± 0.007, 1.008 ±0.018 and 0.997 ±0.010. A linear increase of the speed of ultrasound with increasing temperature has been determined for aqueous and vitreous. No temperature dependence was found for the speed of ultrasound in the lens. The ultrasound velocity did not significantly differ (95%) on the basis of gender, age or time after enucleation during the first 72 hours after death. Conclusions: Compared to human eyes, the ultrasound velocity in equine lental tissue deviates by one percent. Therefore, axial length measurements obtained with ultrasound velocities for the human eye must be corrected using conversion factors. For the aqueous and vitreous, deviations are below one percent and can be neglected in clinical settings.
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Publication Date: 2014-10-14 PubMed ID: 25312851PubMed Central: PMC4205291DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0250-3Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research focuses on measuring the speed of ultrasound in different parts of a horse’s eye. This is useful for performing sonographic ophthalmic examinations, which are increasingly important in veterinary medicine. Previously, these measurements were not known for equine ocular tissues, but this study presents data acquired from 35 healthy equine eyes and explores the impact of parameters such as temperature, age and gender.

Methodology

  • The research involved studying 33 lenses, 29 aqueous samples and 31 vitreous samples from 35 healthy equine eyes.
  • The velocity of the ultrasound was measured for each sample and the results analyzed based on various parameters such as age, temperature, gender and the time that elapsed after enucleation (removal of the eye).

Findings

  • The study found that the velocity of ultrasound in equine aqueous, lens and vitreous at 36°C were 1529 ±10 m/s, 1654± 29 m/s and 1527 ±16 m/s respectively. Corresponding conversion factors were also reported.
  • They observed a linear increase in the speed of ultrasound with an increase in temperature for the aqueous and vitreous. However, no such temperature dependence was detected in the lens.
  • There was no significant difference in the ultrasound velocity based on gender, age or time after enucleation during the first 72 hours after death.

Conclusion

  • The research concluded that compared to human eyes, the ultrasound velocity in horse lens tissue deviates by one percent. This necessitates the usage of conversion factors to correct axial length measurements obtained for the human eye using ultrasound velocities.
  • The deviations for the aqueous and vitreous, however, were below one percent and can be overlooked in practical clinical settings.

Cite This Article

APA
Meister U, Ohnesorge B, Körner D, Boevé MH. (2014). Evaluation of ultrasound velocity in enucleated equine aqueous humor, lens and vitreous body. BMC Vet Res, 10, 250. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-014-0250-3

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 10
Pages: 250
PII: 250

Researcher Affiliations

Meister, Ulrike
  • Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Klinik für Pferde, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany. Ulrike.Meister@t-online.de.
Ohnesorge, Bernhard
  • Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Klinik für Pferde, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany. Bernhard.Ohnesorge@tiho-hannover.de.
Körner, Daniel
  • Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany. Daniel.Koerner@uni-jena.de.
Boevé, Michael H
  • Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Klinik für Pferde, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany. M.H.Boeve@uu.nl.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Aqueous Humor / diagnostic imaging
  • Female
  • Horses / anatomy & histology
  • Lens, Crystalline / diagnostic imaging
  • Male
  • Ultrasonography
  • Vitreous Body / diagnostic imaging

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
  1. Knickelbein KE, Lassaline ME, Kim S, Scharbrough MS, Thomasy SM. Corneal thickness and anterior chamber depth of the normal adult horse as measured by ultrasound biomicroscopy. Vet Ophthalmol 2022 May;25 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):17-24.
    doi: 10.1111/vop.12971pubmed: 35084084google scholar: lookup
  2. Szczerkowska KI, Petrezselyova S, Lindovsky J, Palkova M, Dvorak J, Makovicky P, Fang M, Jiang C, Chen L, Shi M, Liu X, Zhang J, Kubik-Zahorodna A, Schuster B, Beck IM, Novosadova V, Prochazka J, Sedlacek R. Myopia disease mouse models: a missense point mutation (S673G) and a protein-truncating mutation of the Zfp644 mimic human disease phenotype. Cell Biosci 2019;9:21.
    doi: 10.1186/s13578-019-0280-4pubmed: 30834109google scholar: lookup
  3. Meister U, Görig C, Murphy CJ, Haan H, Ohnesorge B, Boevé MH. Intraocular lens power calculation for the equine eye. BMC Vet Res 2018 Apr 3;14(1):123.
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