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Journal of virology1994; 68(1); 158-169; doi: 10.1128/JVI.68.1.158-169.1994

Evolution of alphaviruses in the eastern equine encephalomyelitis complex.

Abstract: Evolution of viruses in the eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) complex was studied by analyzing RNA sequences and oligonucleotide fingerprints from isolates representing the North and South American antigenic varieties. By using homologous sequences of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus as an outgroup, phylogenetic trees revealed three main EEE virus monophyletic groups. A North American variety group included all isolates from North America and the Caribbean. One South American variety group included isolates from the Amazon basin in Brazil and Peru, while the other included strains from Argentina, Guyana, Ecuador, Panama, Trinidad, and Venezuela. No evidence of heterologous recombination was obtained when three separate regions of the EEE virus genome were analyzed independently. Estimates of the overall rate of EEE virus evolution (nucleotide substitution) were 1.6 x 10(-4) substitution per nucleotide per year for the North American group and 4.3 x 10(-4) for the Argentina-Panama South American group. Evolutionary rate estimates for the North American group increased over 10-fold (from about 2 x 10(-5) to 4 x 10(-4)) concurrent with divergence of two monophyletic groups during the early 1970s. The North and South American antigenic varieties diverged roughly 1,000 years ago, while the two main South American groups diverged about 450 years ago. Analysis of multiple strains isolated from an upstate New York transmission focus during the same years suggested that, in certain locations, EEE virus may be relatively isolated for short time periods.
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Publication Date: 1994-01-01 PubMed ID: 8254725PubMed Central: PMC236274DOI: 10.1128/JVI.68.1.158-169.1994Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research explores the evolution of viruses within the eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) complex by comparing RNA sequences and oligonucleotide fingerprints of several isolates from North and South American antigenic varieties. Their findings show distinct evolutionary tracks for North and South American viruses and suggest an isolation of EEE virus in certain areas.

RNA Sequences and Oligonucleotide Fingerprints Analysis

  • The researchers analyzed RNA sequences and oligonucleotide fingerprints from EEE viral isolates that represent North and South American antigenic varieties.
  • Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus sequences were used as an outgroup for the analysis.
  • The analysis resulted in the identification of three main monophyletic groups of EEE viruses. Monophyletic means that all members of a group are derived from a common ancestor.

Three Monophyletic EEE Virus Groups

  • A North American group consisting of all isolates from North America and the Caribbean.
  • A South American group that included isolates from the Amazon basin in Brazil and Peru.
  • Another South American group that comprised strains from Argentina, Guyana, Ecuador, Panama, Trinidad, and Venezuela.

Analysis of EEE Virus Evolution

  • The researchers found no evidence of heterologous recombination by analyzing three separate regions of the EEE virus genome independently. Heterologous recombination refers to the exchange of genetic material between different species or strains of virus.
  • The estimated overall rate of EEE virus evolution, measured in nucleotide substitution, was found to be 1.6 x 10(-4) substitution per nucleotide per year for the North American group and 4.3 x 10(-4) for the Argentina-Panama South American group.
  • Evolutionary rate estimates increased over ten-fold, concurrent with the divergence of two monophyletic groups during the early 1970s.

Divergence Timescales

  • As per the research, the North and South American antigenic varieties appeared to have diverged about 1,000 years ago.
  • The two main South American groups diverged approximately 450 years ago.
  • Analysis of multiple strains isolated from an upstate New York transmission focus during the same years suggested that the EEE virus could be relatively isolated in certain locations for short time periods.

Cite This Article

APA
Weaver SC, Hagenbaugh A, Bellew LA, Gousset L, Mallampalli V, Holland JJ, Scott TW. (1994). Evolution of alphaviruses in the eastern equine encephalomyelitis complex. J Virol, 68(1), 158-169. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.68.1.158-169.1994

Publication

Journal of virology
ISSN: 0022-538X
NlmUniqueID: 0113724
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 68
Issue: 1
Pages: 158-169

Researcher Affiliations

Weaver, S C
  • Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.
Hagenbaugh, A
    Bellew, L A
      Gousset, L
        Mallampalli, V
          Holland, J J
            Scott, T W

              MeSH Terms

              • Antigens, Viral / genetics
              • Base Sequence
              • Biological Evolution
              • Caribbean Region
              • Central America
              • Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine / classification
              • Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine / genetics
              • Encephalomyelitis, Equine / microbiology
              • Genetic Variation
              • Molecular Sequence Data
              • Mutagenesis
              • North America
              • RNA, Viral / genetics
              • Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
              • South America
              • Time Factors

              Grant Funding

              • AI14627 / NIAID NIH HHS
              • AI22119 / NIAID NIH HHS
              • AI26787 / NIAID NIH HHS

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