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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Virol / Evolution of equine influenza virus in vaccinated horses.
Journal of virology2013; 87(8); 4768-4771; doi: 10.1128/JVI.03379-12

Evolution of equine influenza virus in vaccinated horses.

Abstract: Influenza A viruses are characterized by their ability to evade host immunity, even in vaccinated individuals. To determine how prior immunity shapes viral diversity in vivo, we studied the intra- and interhost evolution of equine influenza virus in vaccinated horses. Although the level and structure of genetic diversity were similar to those in naïve horses, intrahost bottlenecks may be more stringent in vaccinated animals, and mutations shared among horses often fall close to putative antigenic sites.
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Publication Date: 2013-02-06 PubMed ID: 23388708PubMed Central: PMC3624384DOI: 10.1128/JVI.03379-12Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • N.I.H.
  • Extramural
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates how equine influenza viruses evolve in vaccinated horses. The main finding indicates that while the genetic diversity of the virus remains similar to that in unvaccinated horses, it tends to mutate near potential antigenic sites and may face stricter intrahost bottlenecks.

Objective of the Research

  • The study aimed to understand how the immune system of a vaccinated horse impacts the evolution of equine influenza virus. This includes observing changes in the virus’s genetic diversity and its mutation sites, specifically to see if they occur near antigenic sites.

Methodology and Findings

  • The research compared the genetic diversity of the influenza A virus in both vaccinated and unvaccinated (naïve) horses.
  • The genetic diversity was found to be consistently similar in both cases, indicating that the vaccination did not necessarily reduce the genetic diversity of the virus.
  • This indicates the resilience of the influenza A virus, and its capability to circumvent immunity responses, even in vaccinated hosts.

Intrahost Bottlenecks

  • Another important observation was regarding intrahost bottlenecks. These are the genetic bottlenecks that occur within a single host when a virus spreads to a new host, thereby reducing a viral population’s genetic diversity.
  • According to the study, these bottlenecks might be significantly more stringent in vaccinated animals. This conclusion requires further research to validate its effectiveness and reason.

Mutations Near Antigenic Sites

  • The research also found that the virus’s mutations occurring in vaccinated horses often fall near to putative antigenic sites.
  • This is significant because an antigenic site is a part of a virus that the immune system recognizes and reacts against. By mutating near these sites, the virus might be evolving to escape the immune response, thereby potentially making vaccination less effective.
  • This shows an extraordinary adaptability of the virus and raises further questions about methods to enhance the effectiveness of vaccination.

Conclusion

  • This study has revealed important insights about the evolution of the influenza A virus in vaccinated horses. But it also suggests the need for further research, not only to verify these findings but also to determine new strategies for making vaccinations more effective against adaptable viruses like influenza A.

Cite This Article

APA
Murcia PR, Baillie GJ, Stack JC, Jervis C, Elton D, Mumford JA, Daly J, Kellam P, Grenfell BT, Holmes EC, Wood JL. (2013). Evolution of equine influenza virus in vaccinated horses. J Virol, 87(8), 4768-4771. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.03379-12

Publication

Journal of virology
ISSN: 1098-5514
NlmUniqueID: 0113724
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 87
Issue: 8
Pages: 4768-4771

Researcher Affiliations

Murcia, Pablo R
  • Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Baillie, Gregory J
    Stack, J Conrad
      Jervis, Carley
        Elton, Debra
          Mumford, Jennifer A
            Daly, Janet
              Kellam, Paul
                Grenfell, Bryan T
                  Holmes, Edward C
                    Wood, James L N

                      MeSH Terms

                      • Animals
                      • Evolution, Molecular
                      • Genetic Variation
                      • Horse Diseases / immunology
                      • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
                      • Horse Diseases / virology
                      • Horses
                      • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / genetics
                      • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / immunology
                      • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / isolation & purification
                      • Molecular Sequence Data
                      • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
                      • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control
                      • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
                      • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
                      • RNA, Viral / genetics
                      • Selection, Genetic
                      • Sequence Analysis, DNA

                      Grant Funding

                      • G0801822 / Medical Research Council
                      • R01 GM080533 / NIGMS NIH HHS
                      • R01 GM080533-06 / NIGMS NIH HHS
                      • Wellcome Trust

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