Ex vivo analysis of ultraviolet radiation transmission through ocular media and retina in select species.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the transmission of the ultraviolet (UV) radiation (200-400 nm) through intact enucleated globes of different species (dogs, cats, pigs, rabbits, horses, and humans) using spectrophotometry. Globes of cats (n = 6), dogs (n = 18), pigs (n = 10), rabbits (n = 6), horses (n = 10), and humans (n = 4) were analyzed. A 5-10 mm circular area of sclera and choroid from the posterior aspect of the globe was removed under a surgical microscope, leaving the retina intact in all species except the horse. Glass coverslips were added in horses and rabbits due to retinal and globe fragility. The %T of wavelengths from 200 to 800 nm were measured through the ocular media (cornea, aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous humor) and retina, and compared between species. The globes of cats and dogs allowed the most amount of UV radiation transmission, while those of pigs and humans allowed the least amount of UV radiation transmission. A small amount of UV radiation transmission through the ocular media was detected in the rabbit and horse. Results from this study will support further vision research that may be used to train companion, working, and service animals.
Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Publication Date: 2023-06-24 PubMed ID: 37356536DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109550Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- Non-P.H.S.
Summary
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This study measures the transmission of ultraviolet (UV) radiation through the eyes of different animals (dogs, cats, pigs, rabbits, horses) and humans. It discovered that cats and dogs had the highest level of UV radiation transmission, while pigs and humans had the least.
Introduction
The research focuses on assessing the transmission of ultraviolet (UV) radiation through the globes (entire eye structure) of different animal species and humans. This was conducted ex vivo, meaning on organs or tissues outside their natural environment, in this case, the eyes were enucleated (removed from the body) before testing. The species selected for the study were cats, dogs, pigs, rabbits, horses, and humans.
Methodology
- After the globes were enucleated, a small area (5-10mm) of the sclera (white part of the eyeball) and choroid (layer containing blood vessels) were surgically removed from the back of each globe.
- Due to fragility, the retinas in horse and rabbit eyes were reinforced with glass coverslips.
- The transmission, denoted as %T, of wavelengths from 200 to 800 nanometers (nm) was measured. This range includes all UV wavelengths (200-400nm) and some visible light wavelengths (400-700nm).
- Transmission was measured through both the ocular media (comprising the cornea, aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous humor) and the retina.
- The results of these measurements were then compared across all the different species.
Results and Conclusion
- The study found that the globes of cats and dogs permitted the highest amount of UV radiation through the ocular media and the retina.
- Conversely, pig and human globes allowed the least amount of UV radiation through these structures.
- For rabbits and horses, a small amount of UV radiation transmission was detected through the ocular media.
- The results of this study provide valuable insights for further vision research, which may be crucial for training companion, working, and service animals that heavily rely on visual cues.
Cite This Article
APA
Himebaugh NE, Robertson JB, Weninger K, Gilger BC, Ekesten B, Oh A.
(2023).
Ex vivo analysis of ultraviolet radiation transmission through ocular media and retina in select species.
Exp Eye Res, 233, 109550.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2023.109550 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA. Electronic address: nehimeba@gmail.com.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA; Office of Research, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA. Electronic address: jbrober@ncsu.edu.
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, 2401 Stinson Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA. Electronic address: krwening@ncsu.edu.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA. Electronic address: bgilger@ncsu.edu.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 8, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: bjorn.ekesten@slu.se.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA. Electronic address: aoh@ncsu.edu.
MeSH Terms
- Rabbits
- Horses
- Cats
- Humans
- Swine
- Animals
- Dogs
- Ultraviolet Rays
- Retina
- Vitreous Body
- Lens, Crystalline
- Cornea
Conflict of Interest Statement
Declaration of competing interest There are no conflicts of interest to disclose for any of the authors.
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Wang L, Zhu D, Yang Y, He Y, Sun J, Li YM, Wang ZJ, Li P. DNA hypermethylation of COL4A1 in ultraviolet-B-induced age-related cataract models in vitro and in vivo. Int J Ophthalmol 2024;17(10):1791-1799.
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