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Home / Equine Research Bank / Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A / Exceptional conservation of horse-human gene order on X chro...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2004; 101(8); 2386-2391; doi: 10.1073/pnas.0308513100

Exceptional conservation of horse-human gene order on X chromosome revealed by high-resolution radiation hybrid mapping.

Abstract: Development of a dense map of the horse genome is key to efforts aimed at identifying genes controlling health, reproduction, and performance. We herein report a high-resolution gene map of the horse (Equus caballus) X chromosome (ECAX) generated by developing and typing 116 gene-specific and 12 short tandem repeat markers on the 5,000-rad horse x hamster whole-genome radiation hybrid panel and mapping 29 gene loci by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The human X chromosome sequence was used as a template to select genes at 1-Mb intervals to develop equine orthologs. Coupled with our previous data, the new map comprises a total of 175 markers (139 genes and 36 short tandem repeats, of which 53 are fluorescence in situ hybridization mapped) distributed on average at approximately 880-kb intervals along the chromosome. This is the densest and most uniformly distributed chromosomal map presently available in any mammalian species other than humans and rodents. Comparison of the horse and human X chromosome maps shows remarkable conservation of gene order along the entire span of the chromosomes, including the location of the centromere. An overview of the status of the horse map in relation to mouse, livestock, and companion animal species is also provided. The map will be instrumental for analysis of X linked health and fertility traits in horses by facilitating identification of targeted chromosomal regions for isolation of polymorphic markers, building bacterial artificial chromosome contigs, or sequencing.
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Publication Date: 2004-02-26 PubMed ID: 14983019PubMed Central: PMC356960DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0308513100Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • Non-P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article pertains to the development of a detailed map of the horse X chromosome that reveals a remarkable similarity in gene order with the human X chromosome. This comprehensive map, the densest yet for any mammalian species apart from humans and rodents, will be instrumental in identifying genes affecting horse health and fertility traits.

Gene Mapping of the Horse X Chromosome

  • The researchers developed a dense gene map of the horse X chromosome (also known as ECAX), utilizing a method known as high-resolution radiation hybrid mapping.
  • To do this, they created and typed 116 gene-specific markers and 12 short tandem repeat markers. These markers were applied onto a whole-genome radiation hybrid panel, which is a collection of cell lines with deliberately scrambled chromosomes
  • Furthermore, they mapped 29 gene loci (specific locations of genes) using a imaging technique called fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
  • The human X chromosome sequence served as a baseline to select genes at specific intervals, which the scientists then developed into horse versions (orthologs).

Results of Gene Mapping

  • This yielded a new map made up of a total of 175 markers (139 genes and 36 short tandem repeats). Of these, 53 were mapped by using FISH.
  • The markers were distributed at roughly 880-kb intervals along the horse chromosome, creating the densest and most uniformly distributed chromosomal map thus far available in any mammalian species other than humans and rodents.

Comparison with Human and Other Animal X Chromosomes

  • The comparison shows a startling conservation of gene order between horses and humans. Not only are the genes similarly ordered, but even the centromere (the part of a chromosome that pulls it apart during cell division) is located at the same position.
  • The researchers also give a broader overview comparing the gene map status of the horse with other animals including mice, livestock, and pets.

Implications of the Research

  • This detailed chromosome road map will significantly aid future studies looking into health and fertility traits in horses linked to the X chromosome.
  • It can expedite the identification of specific chromosomal regions of interest, the building of bacterial artificial chromosome contigs (overlapping sequences to form a longer continuous sequence), or sequencing (finding the specific order of genes).

Cite This Article

APA
Raudsepp T, Lee EJ, Kata SR, Brinkmeyer C, Mickelson JR, Skow LC, Womack JE, Chowdhary BP. (2004). Exceptional conservation of horse-human gene order on X chromosome revealed by high-resolution radiation hybrid mapping. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101(8), 2386-2391. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0308513100

Publication

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
ISSN: 0027-8424
NlmUniqueID: 7505876
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 101
Issue: 8
Pages: 2386-2391

Researcher Affiliations

Raudsepp, Terje
  • Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Lee, Eun-Joon
    Kata, Srinivas R
      Brinkmeyer, Candice
        Mickelson, James R
          Skow, Loren C
            Womack, James E
              Chowdhary, Bhanu P

                MeSH Terms

                • Animals
                • Chromosome Mapping
                • Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial
                • Female
                • Genetic Markers
                • Horses / genetics
                • Humans
                • In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
                • Male
                • X Chromosome / genetics
                • X Chromosome / radiation effects
                • Y Chromosome / genetics

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