Exercise alters fractal dimension and spatial correlation of pulmonary blood flow in the horse.
Abstract: We determined the changes in fractal dimensions and spatial correlations of regional pulmonary blood flow with increasing exercise in race horses (n = 4) by using 15-microm fluorescent microspheres. Fluorescence was measured to quantitate regional blood to 1.3-cm(3) samples (n = 1,621-2,503). Perfusion distributions were characterized with fractal dimensions (a measure of spatial variability) and spatial correlations. On average, the fractal dimension decreased with exercise (trot 1.216 to gallop 1.173; P < 0. 05) despite a variable fractal dimension at rest. Spatial correlation of flow to neighboring pieces increased with exercise (trot 0.57 +/- 0.074 to gallop 0.73 +/- 0.051) and was inversely correlated with fractal dimension, indicating better spatial correlation as blood flow distribution becomes more uniform. This is the first study to document a change in fractal dimension as a result of increasing pulmonary blood flow. Spatial differences in response to vasoregulatory mediators may play a role in this phenomenon.
Publication Date: 2000-06-14 PubMed ID: 10846045DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2000.88.6.2269Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This research observes the impact of physical exercise on the spatial variability and fractal dimensions of pulmonary blood flow in race horses. It exposes a correlation between enhanced physical exertion and an increase in the spatial correlation of blood flow, leading to a more uniform distribution of pulmonary blood flow.
Research Background and Objectives
- The goal of this research was to discern modifications in fractal dimensions and spatial correlations of localized pulmonary blood flow due to escalating intensity of exercise in race horses.
- The driving question focused on how the uniformity and spatial variability of blood flow is affected during physical exertion.
Research Methodology
- 15-microm fluorescent microspheres were employed to measure the blood flow in the horses (n=4).
- The degree of fluorescence was gauged to quantify regional blood to 1.3-cm(3) samples (n = 1,621-2,503).
- The distribution of perfusion was characterized through fractal dimensions (a method to gauge spatial variability) and spatial correlations.
Results
- It was found that the fractal dimension, on average, decreased with the level of exercise (from trot 1.216 to gallop 1.173; P < 0. 05), despite having a variable fractal dimension at rest.
- The spatial correlation relating to the flow to neighboring pieces increased with exercise (from trot 0.57 +/- 0.074 to gallop 0.73 +/- 0.051).
- There was an inverse correlation discovered between spatial correlation and fractal dimension, indicating improved spatial correlation as the distribution of blood flow becomes more homogeneous.
Conclusions
- This research is the first to document a change in fractal dimension as a result of increasing pulmonary blood flow.
- The study suggests that spatial differences in response to vasoregulatory mediators may play a role in this phenomenon.
- This discovery could help in understanding the physiological changes that occur in the cardiovascular system of not just horses but potentially other mammals during physical exertion.
Cite This Article
APA
Sinclair SE, McKinney S, Glenny RW, Bernard SL, Hlastala MP.
(2000).
Exercise alters fractal dimension and spatial correlation of pulmonary blood flow in the horse.
J Appl Physiol (1985), 88(6), 2269-2278.
https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.88.6.2269 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-6522, USA. scottes@u.washington.edu
MeSH Terms
- Algorithms
- Animals
- Fluorescence
- Fractals
- Horses / physiology
- Male
- Microspheres
- Models, Cardiovascular
- Motor Activity / physiology
- Pulmonary Circulation / physiology
Citations
This article has been cited 6 times.- Karrasch NM, Hubbell JA, Aarnes TK, Bednarski RM, Lerche P. Comparison of cardiorespiratory variables in dorsally recumbent horses anesthetized with guaifenesin-ketamine-xylazine spontaneously breathing 50% or maximal oxygen concentrations. Can Vet J 2015 Apr;56(4):387-92.
- Hall ET, Sá RC, Holverda S, Arai TJ, Dubowitz DJ, Theilmann RJ, Prisk GK, Hopkins SR. The effect of supine exercise on the distribution of regional pulmonary blood flow measured using proton MRI. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014 Feb 15;116(4):451-61.
- Hubbell JA, Aarnes TK, Bednarski RM, Lerche P, Muir WW. Effect of 50% and maximal inspired oxygen concentrations on respiratory variables in isoflurane-anesthetized horses. BMC Vet Res 2011 Jun 3;7:23.
- Burnham KJ, Arai TJ, Dubowitz DJ, Henderson AC, Holverda S, Buxton RB, Prisk GK, Hopkins SR. Pulmonary perfusion heterogeneity is increased by sustained, heavy exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2009 Nov;107(5):1559-68.
- Bayly WM, Leguillette R, Sides RH, Massie S, Guigand C, Jones KB, Warlick LM, Thueson EL, Troudt TA, Slocombe RF, Jones JH. Equine exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage: the role of high left-heart pressures secondary to exercise-induced hypervolemia, and high inspiratory pressures. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024 Nov 1;137(5):1359-1373.
- Hopkins SR, Stickland MK. The Pulmonary Vasculature. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2023 Oct;44(5):538-554.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
