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Exercise and injury increase chondroitin sulfate chain length and decrease hyaluronan chain length in synovial fluid.
Abstract: (1) To investigate the effects of exercise and osteochondral (OC) injury on synovial fluid (SF) chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration and chain length, (2) to compare SF and cartilage CS data from joints with OC fragmentation, and (3) to compare SF CS and HA profiles with those seen in serum from the same horses. Methods: Serum and SF were obtained from (1) normal horses after 8 weeks rest, (2) the same horses after 9 months treadmill training, and (3) horses with OC injury from racing. Articular cartilage was also collected from group 3 horses. Concentrations and chain lengths of CS and HA were determined by gel chromatography and fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. Results: SF CS peak chain length in the OC injury group increased significantly (18.7kDa) when compared to rested horses (11.6kDa), with exercise producing an intermediate chain length (15.6kDa). Cartilage and serum from the OC injury group had the abnormally long CS chains seen in SF from these horses. Total SF HA was significantly lower in the OC injury group compared to the rested group. Both the OC injury group and the exercised group had significant decreases in SF HA chain length compared to the rested group. Conclusions: Chain length of SF CS was increased by exercise and OC injury. Exercise resulted in a modest increase, whereas OC injury caused a marked increase. In contrast to CS, SF HA chain length was decreased by OC injury, and to a lesser extent by exercise. Chain length analysis of SF CS and HA may provide a useful tool for evaluation of joint health.
Publication Date: 2007-05-31 PubMed ID: 17543547DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.04.005Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research investigates how exercise and osteochondral injuries affect the concentration and chain length of chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronan in synovial fluid. The study reveals that exercise and osteochondral injuries increase the chain length of chondroitin sulfate, while they decrease the chain length of hyaluronan. The analysis of these elements might serve as a helpful tool to assess joint health.
Study Context and Objectives
- The study aims to explore how exercise and osteochondral injuries impact the concentration and chain length of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronan (HA) in synovial fluid (SF).
- It aims to compare CS data from SF and cartilage in joints with osteochondral fragmentation.
- The study also seeks to compare SF CS and HA profiles with the ones in serum extracted from the same horses.
Methods
- Serum and SF were sourced from normal horses after 8 weeks of rest, the same horses after 9 months of treadmill training, and horses suffering osteochondral injuries from racing.
- The obtained articular cartilage was also collected from horses having osteochondral injuries.
- CS and HA’s concentrations and chain lengths were determined using gel chromatography and fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis.
Results
- In the OC injury group, a significant increase in SF CS peak chain length (18.7kDa) was observed compared to rested horses (11.6kDa), while exercise led to an intermediate chain length (15.6kDa).
- The abnormally long CS chains in cartilage and serum from the OC injury group were similar to those in SF from these horses.
- Total SF HA was notably lower in the OC injury group compared to the rested group.
- Both the OC injury group and the exercised group had significant reductions in SF HA chain length compared to the rested group.
Conclusions
- The analysis revealed that both exercise and OC injury increased the chain length of CS in SF. Exercise led to a modest increase, whereas OC injury resulted in a significant increase.
- Contrary to CS, the chain length of SF HA was decreased by OC injury, and to a lesser extent, by exercise.
- The study suggests that the chain length analysis of SF CS and HA could be a practical tool for evaluating joint health.
Cite This Article
APA
Brown MP, Trumble TN, Plaas AH, Sandy JD, Romano M, Hernandez J, Merritt KA.
(2007).
Exercise and injury increase chondroitin sulfate chain length and decrease hyaluronan chain length in synovial fluid.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 15(11), 1318-1325.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2007.04.005 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-1432, USA. brownmu@mail.vetmed.ufl.edu
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Cartilage, Articular / injuries
- Cartilage, Articular / metabolism
- Chondroitin Sulfates / blood
- Chondroitin Sulfates / chemistry
- Chondroitin Sulfates / metabolism
- Chromatography, Gel
- Electrophoresis
- Horses
- Hyaluronic Acid / chemistry
- Hyaluronic Acid / metabolism
- Physical Conditioning, Animal / physiology
- Synovial Fluid / metabolism
- Synovial Fluid / physiology
Citations
This article has been cited 8 times.- Liu Z, Lin W, Fan Y, Kampf N, Wang Y, Klein J. Effects of Hyaluronan Molecular Weight on the Lubrication of Cartilage-Emulating Boundary Layers. Biomacromolecules 2020 Oct 12;21(10):4345-4354.
- Martinez JR, Dhawan A, Farach-Carson MC. Modular Proteoglycan Perlecan/HSPG2: Mutations, Phenotypes, and Functions. Genes (Basel) 2018 Nov 16;9(11).
- Aaltonen K, Niemelä T, Sankari S, Tulamo RM. Determination of the unsaturated disaccharides of hyaluronic acid in equine synovial fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. Acta Vet Scand 2015 Mar 4;57(1):12.
- McCarty WJ, Cheng JC, Hansen BC, Yamaguchi T, Firestein GS, Masuda K, Sah RL. The biophysical mechanisms of altered hyaluronan concentration in synovial fluid after anterior cruciate ligament transection. Arthritis Rheum 2012 Dec;64(12):3993-4003.
- Li J, Gorski DJ, Anemaet W, Velasco J, Takeuchi J, Sandy JD, Plaas A. Hyaluronan injection in murine osteoarthritis prevents TGFbeta 1-induced synovial neovascularization and fibrosis and maintains articular cartilage integrity by a CD44-dependent mechanism. Arthritis Res Ther 2012 Jun 21;14(3):R151.
- Ogawa H, Shionyu M, Sugiura N, Hatano S, Nagai N, Kubota Y, Nishiwaki K, Sato T, Gotoh M, Narimatsu H, Shimizu K, Kimata K, Watanabe H. Chondroitin sulfate synthase-2/chondroitin polymerizing factor has two variants with distinct function. J Biol Chem 2010 Oct 29;285(44):34155-67.
- Lee HY, Kopesky PW, Plaas A, Sandy J, Kisiday J, Frisbie D, Grodzinsky AJ, Ortiz C. Adult bone marrow stromal cell-based tissue-engineered aggrecan exhibits ultrastructure and nanomechanical properties superior to native cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010 Nov;18(11):1477-86.
- Silva FS Jr, Yoshinari NH, Castro RR, Girão VC, Pompeu MM, Feitosa JP, Rocha FA. Combined glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate provides functional and structural benefit in the anterior cruciate ligament transection model. Clin Rheumatol 2009 Feb;28(2):109-17.
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