EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF HORSES WITH JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS BY MOSQUITO BITS.
Abstract: No abstract available
Publication Date: 1964-09-01 PubMed ID: 14205897DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1964.13.742Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research investigates the transmission of Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) from birds to horses and vice versa through mosquito bites, with focus on the virus titre, period of viremia, symptoms and serological response in infected horses.
Transmission of Japanese Encephalitis Virus
- The researchers successfully transmitted the JEV from a chick to a horse, from a horse to another horse, and from a horse back to a chick, using the mosquito species Culex tritaeniorhynchus as the vector.
- The virus titres observed in the horses that were infected by mosquito bites ranged from less than 100.5 to 101.2 LD50, which is a measure of virus quantity.
Period and Presence of Viremia
- The viremia, which is the presence of the virus in the horse’s blood, appeared between the first and fourth days of infection and persisted for two to six days.
- One particular horse that had viremia during the first six days of infection developed a fever on the tenth day and eventually showed clear signs of encephalitis, an inflammation of the brain.
Immune Response to Infection
- The earliest immune response in the horses was indicated by the appearance of hemaglutinin-inhibiting (HI) and complement-fixing (CF) antibodies between the tenth and fourteenth days post-infection.
- However, neutralizing antibodies were not detected until second to fourth weeks post-infection, suggesting a delayed immune response to the JEV.
- One horse still had HI and neutralizing antibodies in its blood serum for more than one year after the infection, while CF antibodies could no longer be detected after that period.
Second Exposure
- When the same horse was exposed to the virus again after over a year since the first infection, a significant increase in the levels of all three types of antibody (HI, CF and neutralizing) was observed, showing a marked immune response.
- However, the researchers were unable to detect viremia in this horse post-challenge, indicating that its immune system successfully fought off the infection.
The study findings provide valuable insights into the transmission dynamics, viral behavior, and horse immune response to the Japanese Encephalitis Virus, which could help inform future interventions and prevention strategies.
Cite This Article
APA
GOULD DJ, BYRNE RJ, HAYES DE.
(1964).
EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF HORSES WITH JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS BY MOSQUITO BITS.
Am J Trop Med Hyg, 13, 742-746.
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1964.13.742 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies
- Antigen-Antibody Reactions
- Blood
- Complement Fixation Tests
- Culex
- Culicidae
- Encephalitis Virus, Japanese
- Encephalitis Viruses
- Encephalitis, Japanese
- Encephalomyelitis
- Encephalomyelitis, Equine
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
- Horses
- Insect Bites and Stings
- Poultry Diseases
- Research
Citations
This article has been cited 12 times.- Moore KT, Mangan MJ, Linnegar B, Athni TS, McCallum HI, Trewin BJ, Skinner E. Australian vertebrate hosts of Japanese encephalitis virus: a review of the evidence. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2025 Mar 7;119(3):189-202.
- Harrison JJ, Nguyen W, Morgan MS, Tang B, Habarugira G, de Malmanche H, Freney ME, Modhiran N, Watterson D, Cox AL, Yan K, Yuen NKY, Bowman DH, Kirkland PD, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Suhrbier A, Hall RA, Rawle DJ, Hobson-Peters J. A chimeric vaccine derived from Australian genotype IV Japanese encephalitis virus protects mice from lethal challenge. NPJ Vaccines 2024 Jul 31;9(1):134.
- Fujii M, Ito S, Katsumata E, Chambers JK, Matsugo H, Takenaka-Uema A, Murakami S, Uchida K, Horimoto T. Japanese Encephalitis Virus and Schizophyllum commune Co-Infection in a Harbor Seal in Japan. Vet Sci 2024 May 13;11(5).
- Moore KT, Mangan MJ, Linnegar B, Athni TS, McCallum HI, Trewin BJ, Skinner E. Australian vertebrate hosts of Japanese encephalitis virus; a review of the evidence. bioRxiv 2024 Apr 26;.
- Park SL, Huang YS, Vanlandingham DL. Re-Examining the Importance of Pigs in the Transmission of Japanese Encephalitis Virus. Pathogens 2022 May 13;11(5).
- Auerswald H, Maquart PO, Chevalier V, Boyer S. Mosquito Vector Competence for Japanese Encephalitis Virus. Viruses 2021 Jun 16;13(6).
- Yun SI, Lee YM. Early Events in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection: Viral Entry. Pathogens 2018 Aug 13;7(3).
- Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Prow NA, Wang W, Tan CS, Coyle M, Douma A, Hobson-Peters J, Kidd L, Hall RA, Petrovsky N. Safety and immunogenicity of a delta inulin-adjuvanted inactivated Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine in pregnant mares and foals. Vet Res 2014 Dec 17;45(1):130.
- Gulati BR, Singha H, Singh BK, Virmani N, Kumar S, Singh RK. Isolation and genetic characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus from equines in India. J Vet Sci 2012 Jun;13(2):111-8.
- Gulati BR, Singha H, Singh BK, Virmani N, Khurana SK, Singh RK. Serosurveillance for Japanese encephalitis virus infection among equines in India. J Vet Sci 2011 Dec;12(4):341-5.
- Tiawsirisup S, Nuchprayoon S. Mosquito distribution and Japanese encephalitis virus infection in the immigration bird (Asian open-billed stork) nested area in Pathum Thani province, central Thailand. Parasitol Res 2010 Mar;106(4):907-10.
- Paulke-Korinek M, Kollaritsch H. Japanese encephalitis and vaccines: past and future prospects. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2008;120(19-20 Suppl 4):15-9.
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