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Experimental infection of horses with three strains of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus. I. Clinical and virological studies.
Abstract: Henderson, B. E., W. A. Chappell, J. G. Johnston, Jr. and W. D. Sudia (CDC, Atlanta, Ga. 30333). Experimental Infection of horses with three strains of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus. I. Clinical and virological studies. Amer J Epidem 93: 194–205, 1971.—Clinical effect, viremias and antibody responses were compared in horses inoculated with the following strains of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus: Fe3-7C, isolated from Culex (Melano-conion) spp. mosquitoes collected In 1963 in the Florida Everglades; TC-83, the Fort Detrick live, attenuated vaccine strain; and GJ9-1BJ, an isolate from Psorophora confinnis mosquitoes collected in Guatemala during the 1969 epidemic of VEE. Six horses were inoculated with Fe3-7C, and, except for a febrile response of less than 24 hours' duration in one horse, no clinical responses were noted. Low-level viremias were detected in two horses. Six horses were also inoculated with TC-83. Five had a febrile response, and two of these horses were ill for two to three days. All of the TC-83 inoculated horses had detectable viremias, but the titers were low, i.e., <2.0 log10 SMICLD50/0.02 ml. Of four horses inoculated with GJ9-1BJ, all had a marked febrile response and high-titered viremias (3.5–5.5 log10 SMICLD50/0.02 ml) and one died. The 12 horses previously inoculated with Fe3-7C and TC-83 had neither clinical response nor viremia when challenged on the 34th and 28th days, respectively, with GJ9-1BJ. The pattern of development and persistence of hemagglutination inhibiting, complement fixing and neutralizing antibodies indicates that Fe3-7C antibodies are readily distinguishable from TC-83 and GJ9-1BJ antibodies, although there is cross-neutralization between all three virus strains.
Publication Date: 1971-03-01 PubMed ID: 4397564DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121246Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
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The research article details clinical and virological observations from a study where horses were experimentally infected with three different strains of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus. The main findings were variations in clinical responses, viral levels, and antibody responses depending on the viral strain used.
Experimental Design
- The study involved the use of three strains of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus. These were the Fe3-7C strain, TC-83 strain, and the GJ9-1BJ strain. The different strains were inoculated into separate groups of horses and their reactions observed.
- Researchers monitored the clinical effects (observable signs of disease), viremias (presence of viruses in the horse’s blood), and the horses’ antibody responses (the immune response to the virus).
Observations and Findings
- In horses inoculated with the Fe3-7C strain, there were generally no observable clinical responses, bar one horse which displayed a mild fever for less than 24 hours. Low-level viremias were detected in two of the horses.
- Horses injected with the TC-83 strain had a much higher clinical response rate. Five of them developed a fever, and two fell ill for a couple of days. All of them were found to have the virus in their blood, although the titers were low.
- All horses infected with the GJ9-1BJ strain showed a significant feverish response. They all had high-titered viremias and one of them died.
Immune response to the Virus Strains
- The horses previously inoculated with Fe3-7C and TC-83 strains did not react clinically or virologically when they were later infected with the GJ9-1BJ strain. This suggests that previous exposure to either strain confers some immunity against the GJ9-1BJ strain.
- The antibody responses in horses also indicated differences based on the inoculation strain. While antibodies from the Fe3-7C strain were visibly different from those formed in response to TC-83 or GJ9-1BJ, there was some cross-neutralization amongst all three virus strains.
This study provides valuable insights into the clinical and virological responses horses have towards different VEE virus strains. Further studies could delve more into understanding the cross-neutralization between the different strains and how to leverage this towards creating a more effective vaccination approach.
Cite This Article
APA
Henderson BE, Chappell WA, Johnston JG, Sudia WD.
(1971).
Experimental infection of horses with three strains of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus. I. Clinical and virological studies.
Am J Epidemiol, 93(3), 194-205.
https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121246 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies / analysis
- Blood / microbiology
- Complement Fixation Tests
- Cross Reactions
- Culicidae
- Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine
- Encephalitis Viruses / isolation & purification
- Encephalitis, Arbovirus / epidemiology
- Encephalitis, Arbovirus / immunology
- Encephalitis, Arbovirus / microbiology
- Encephalitis, Arbovirus / prevention & control
- Fever
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horses
- Immunization
- Insect Vectors
- Neutralization Tests
- Species Specificity
Citations
This article has been cited 19 times.- Yao Z, Zanini F, Kumar S, Karim M, Saul S, Bhalla N, Panpradist N, Muniz A, Narayanan A, Quake SR, Einav S. The transcriptional landscape of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (TC-83) infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021 Mar;15(3):e0009306.
- Chapman GE, Sherlock K, Hesson JC, Blagrove MSC, Lycett GJ, Archer D, Solomon T, Baylis M. Laboratory transmission potential of British mosquitoes for equine arboviruses. Parasit Vectors 2020 Aug 12;13(1):413.
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- Mashin VV, Sergeev AN, Martynova NN, Sergeev AA, Lys'ko KA, Raikov AO, Kataeva VV, Zagidullin NV. Viral Safety Issues in the Production and Manufacturing of Human Immunoglobulin Preparations from Equine Plasma/Serum. Pharm Chem J 2022;56(4):532-537.
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