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Equine veterinary journal1990; 22(2); 93-98; doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04217.x

Experimental infection of ponies with equine influenza (H3N8) viruses by intranasal inoculation or exposure to aerosols.

Abstract: Infection of seronegative Welsh mountain ponies was established by intranasal instillation or exposure to nebulised aerosol of egg grown H3N8 viruses. Pyrexia and coughing were noted following intranasal instillation and high titres of virus were recovered from the nasopharynx. Exposure to aerosol resulted in more severe clinical signs characterised by high temperatures, dyspnoea, anorexia and coughing; lower levels of virus were recovered from the nasopharynx. The severity of clinical signs and the kinetics of virus shedding were dose-related with the minimal infectious dose being 10(2)EID50/ml when ponies were exposed to aerosols produced by nebulisation of 20ml allantoic fluid. Full clinical signs only developed when ponies were exposed to a dose of 10(6)EID50/ml. It was concluded that exposure to nebulised aerosols of egg grown H3N8 viruses was a more reliable method of inducing clinical influenza than intranasal inoculation and would be more suitable for challenge studies.
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Publication Date: 1990-03-01 PubMed ID: 2156688DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04217.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research involved infecting ponies that had never been exposed to equine influenza (H3N8) either through nasal injection or exposure to nebulized aerosols carrying the virus. The study found that exposure to nebulized aerosols not only caused severe clinical symptoms but also was a more dependable method for inducing influenza in these animals, making it a more suitable method for future challenge studies.

Method of Infection

  • Welsh mountain ponies with no prior exposure to H3N8 influenza were infected either through direct nasal injection (intranasal instillation) or exposure to aerosols containing the virus.
  • The virus used in both methods was a variant of the H3N8 subtype that had been cultured in eggs.

Clinical Signs and Virus Shedding

  • Ponies infected through nasal injections showed signs of fever and cough, and high amounts of the virus were detected in their nasopharynx.
  • In comparison, animals exposed to the nebulized aerosols exhibited more severe symptoms, including high fevers, difficulty in breathing (dyspnea), lack of appetite (anorexia), and cough. Despite these more severe symptoms, fewer viruses were detected in their nasopharynx than in the ponies infected through nasal injections.
  • The severity of the symptoms and the rate of virus shedding (virus released from infected cells) were related to the dose of exposure – the higher the dose, the more severe the symptoms and the higher the rate of virus shedding.

Minimum Infectious Dose

  • The minimum dose required to infect the ponies when exposed to aerosols was determined to be 10(2)EID50/ml. EID50/ml refers to the dose that would infect 50% of the exposed ponies.
  • It was only when the ponies were exposed to a higher dose of 10(6)EID50/ml that they developed all the clinical signs of influenza.

Conclusion

  • The researchers concluded that infecting ponies through exposure to nebulized aerosols of egg-cultured H3N8 influenza virus was not only more reliable but also induced more severe symptoms compared to intranasal inoculation.
  • As such, they recommend the aerosol exposure method for future research studies aimed at challenging the immune response of ponies to the infection.

Cite This Article

APA
Mumford JA, Hannant D, Jessett DM. (1990). Experimental infection of ponies with equine influenza (H3N8) viruses by intranasal inoculation or exposure to aerosols. Equine Vet J, 22(2), 93-98. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04217.x

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 0425-1644
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 22
Issue: 2
Pages: 93-98

Researcher Affiliations

Mumford, J A
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, Animal Health Trust, Kennett, Newmarket, Suffolk.
Hannant, D
    Jessett, D M

      MeSH Terms

      • Administration, Intranasal
      • Aerosols
      • Animals
      • Horse Diseases / etiology
      • Horses
      • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype
      • Influenza A virus
      • Nebulizers and Vaporizers / veterinary
      • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / etiology
      • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary

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