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Home / Equine Research Bank / Curr Opin Infect Dis / Experimental infections with West Nile virus.
Current opinion in infectious diseases2007; 20(3); 293-297; doi: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e32816b5cad

Experimental infections with West Nile virus.

Abstract: West Nile virus emerged recently in North America as a serious human and animal pathogen. This review summarizes the use of experimental infections with West Nile virus in diverse vertebrate species that have been used to answer fundamental questions about the host response, pathogenesis of West Nile virus infection and virus evolution. Results: West Nile virus has an extremely broad vertebrate host range. Infection of common species of birds has defined those with high vs. low potential to serve as amplifying hosts for the virus. In general, mammals (primates, horses, companion animals) are dead-end hosts for West Nile virus, although some circumstances (i.e. immunosuppression) may allow individuals to become capable of transmitting the virus to mosquitoes. Some mammals (rodents, rabbits, squirrels) and reptiles (alligators) have been found to develop a viremia of sufficient magnitude to predict at least low competence for infecting feeding mosquitoes. Finally, experimental infection of rodents, horses and primates with West Nile virus has been integral to developing and evaluating the efficacy of West Nile virus vaccines. Conclusions: Experimental infection with West Nile virus has assisted in delineating those hosts important and not important to the transmission cycle, in understanding how the virus induces disease in susceptible hosts, and in validating the efficacy of vaccines used for control of disease.
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Publication Date: 2007-05-02 PubMed ID: 17471040DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e32816b5cadGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article focuses on the understanding of West Nile virus’ host response, its pathogenesis, and virus evolution through experimental infections across different vertebrate species. It underscores the wide-ranging vertebrate host range of the virus, its impact varying from high to low potential on various bird species and the role of certain mammals as dead-end hosts. The study also highlights the effectiveness of West Nile virus vaccines through experimental infections on rodents, horses, and primates.

Experimental Infection: Hosts and Pathogens

  • The research explores how West Nile virus affects different hosts – birds, mammals (primates, horses, pets), rodents, rabbits, squirrels, and reptiles.
  • The virus’s impact on commonly found birds helped in identifying those species with high or low potential as amplifying hosts, which serve to increase the amount of virus in the environment.
  • The researchers discovered that while mammals usually end up as dead-end hosts (incapable of further transmitting the virus), under some conditions such as immunosuppression they might become capable of transmitting the virus to mosquitos.

Capability of Transmitting Virus to Mosquitoes

  • Some mammalian species such as rodents, rabbits, squirrels, and reptiles (alligators) were observed to develop a viremia (the presence of viruses in the blood) of sufficient degree to predict a low competence for infecting feeding mosquitoes.
  • This prediction implies a potential risk of these animals serving as a source of virus for mosquitoes, which can subsequently transmit the virus to other hosts.

Efficacy of West Nile Virus Vaccines

  • The study conducted experimental infections on rodents, horses, and primates to evaluate the efficacy of West Nile virus vaccines.
  • These trials are crucial for developing effective vaccines for disease control and understanding how different species respond to the virus and the vaccine.

Study Conclusion

  • The work done via experimental infection with West Nile virus aids in pinpointing crucial hosts in the transmission cycle and understanding how the virus causes disease in susceptible hosts.
  • The research validates the efficacy of vaccines used for controlling the disease.
  • Therefore, the findings of the research are of significant value for public health in areas where West Nile virus is a concern.

Cite This Article

APA
Bowen RA, Nemeth NM. (2007). Experimental infections with West Nile virus. Curr Opin Infect Dis, 20(3), 293-297. https://doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0b013e32816b5cad

Publication

Current opinion in infectious diseases
ISSN: 0951-7375
NlmUniqueID: 8809878
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 20
Issue: 3
Pages: 293-297

Researcher Affiliations

Bowen, Richard A
  • Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA. rbowen@colostate.edu
Nemeth, Nicole M

    MeSH Terms

    • Animals
    • Animals, Domestic / virology
    • Birds / virology
    • Culicidae
    • Disease Models, Animal
    • Disease Reservoirs / virology
    • North America
    • Vaccines / immunology
    • Viremia
    • West Nile Fever / blood
    • West Nile Fever / immunology
    • West Nile Fever / transmission
    • West Nile virus / immunology
    • West Nile virus / pathogenicity

    Citations

    This article has been cited 39 times.
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