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Home / Equine Research Bank / Arch Virol / Experimental inoculation of equine coronavirus into Japanese...
Archives of virology2014; 159(12); 3329-3334; doi: 10.1007/s00705-014-2205-1

Experimental inoculation of equine coronavirus into Japanese draft horses.

Abstract: Recently, outbreaks associated with equine coronavirus (ECoV) have occurred in Japan and the United States. While ECoV is likely to be pathogenic to horses, it has not been shown that experimental inoculation of horses with ECoV produces clinical signs of disease. In this study, we inoculated three Japanese draft horses with an ECoV-positive diarrheic fecal sample to confirm infection after inoculation and to investigate the clinical course and virus shedding patterns of ECoV. Virus neutralization tests showed that all three horses became infected with ECoV. Two of the three horses developed clinical signs similar to those observed during ECoV outbreaks, including fever, anorexia, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. All horses excreted a large amount of virus into their feces for more than 9 days after inoculation regardless of the presence or absence of clinical signs, which suggests that feces are an important source of ECoV infection. ECoV was also detected in nasal swabs from all horses, suggesting that respiratory transmission of ECoV may occur. Both symptomatic horses developed viremia, while the asymptomatic horse did not. White blood cell counts and serum amyloid A concentrations changed relative to the clinical condition of the inoculated horses; these may be useful markers for monitoring the clinical status of horses infected with ECoV. This is the first report of induction of clinical signs of ECoV infection in horses by experimental inoculation. These clinical and virological findings should aid further investigation of the pathogenesis of ECoV.
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Publication Date: 2014-08-20 PubMed ID: 25139547PubMed Central: PMC7087042DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2205-1Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research confirmed that horses could become infected with equine coronavirus (ECoV) and display disease symptoms similar to observed outbreaks. It also discovered that the virus could be shed in feces and potentially transmitted via respiratory routes, providing important insights for future pathogenesis investigations.

Introduction and Methodology

  • The study was designed to explore whether or not horses can become infected with equine coronavirus (ECoV) and display disease symptoms.
  • To do this, researchers took an ECoV-positive diarrheic fecal sample and using it, inoculated three Japanese draft horses.
  • The researchers also researched how the virus was shed by affected horses post-infection, which is critical to understanding how the disease is transmitted.

Findings

  • Virus neutralization tests revealed that all three horses were successfully infected with ECoV.
  • Two of the three horses went on to display similar symptoms initially observed during ECoV outbreaks, such as fever, anorexia, and gastrointestinal dysfunction.
  • Regardless of the presence of disease symptoms, each horse was found to shed ECoV in their feces for over 9 days following the original inoculation. This strongly suggests that fecal matter is a significant transmitter of the virus.
  • ECoV was also detected in nasal swabs taken from all infected horses, opening the possibility that the disease may also spread through respiratory transmission.
  • It was observed that horses with symptoms developed a viremia (presence of the virus in the blood), while the horse without symptoms did not.

Conclusions and Significance

  • The study found changes in white blood cell count and serum amyloid A concentrations in relation to the horses’ clinical condition following inoculation with ECoV. These might help as markers for monitoring the clinical status of horses infected with ECoV in the future.
  • This research presents the first evidence of clinical signs of ECoV infection in horses following experimental disease induction. It highlights the possible roles of both fecal and respiratory routes in the transmission of ECoV.
  • The findings provide valuable information that will further the investigation into ECoV pathogenesis, vital for managing future outbreaks.

Cite This Article

APA
Nemoto M, Oue Y, Morita Y, Kanno T, Kinoshita Y, Niwa H, Ueno T, Katayama Y, Bannai H, Tsujimura K, Yamanaka T, Kondo T. (2014). Experimental inoculation of equine coronavirus into Japanese draft horses. Arch Virol, 159(12), 3329-3334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-014-2205-1

Publication

Archives of virology
ISSN: 1432-8798
NlmUniqueID: 7506870
Country: Austria
Language: English
Volume: 159
Issue: 12
Pages: 3329-3334

Researcher Affiliations

Nemoto, Manabu
  • Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan, nemoto_manabu@epizoo.equinst.go.jp.
Oue, Yasuhiro
    Morita, Yoshinori
      Kanno, Toru
        Kinoshita, Yuta
          Niwa, Hidekazu
            Ueno, Takanori
              Katayama, Yoshinari
                Bannai, Hiroshi
                  Tsujimura, Koji
                    Yamanaka, Takashi
                      Kondo, Takashi

                        MeSH Terms

                        • Animal Experimentation
                        • Animals
                        • Antibodies, Viral / blood
                        • Coronavirus / isolation & purification
                        • Coronavirus Infections / pathology
                        • Coronavirus Infections / veterinary
                        • Coronavirus Infections / virology
                        • Feces / virology
                        • Horse Diseases / pathology
                        • Horse Diseases / virology
                        • Horses
                        • Japan
                        • Nasal Mucosa / virology
                        • Neutralization Tests
                        • Viremia
                        • Virus Shedding

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