FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / J Med Entomol / Experimental transmission of eastern equine encephalitis vir...
Journal of medical entomology1994; 31(2); 287-290; doi: 10.1093/jmedent/31.2.287

Experimental transmission of eastern equine encephalitis virus by strains of Aedes albopictus and A. taeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae).

Abstract: The vector competence of Aedes taeniorhynchus (Wiedemann) and four strains of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) was assessed for eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus isolated from Ae. albopictus collected in Polk County, Florida. Both species became infected with and transmitted EEE virus by bite after feeding on 1-d-old chicks that had been inoculated with EEE virus (viremia = 10(10.1) plaque-forming units [PFU] per ml of blood). However, when fed on an older chick with a lower viremia (viremia = 10(6.1) PFU per ml of blood), Ae. albopictus was significantly more susceptible to infection (90%, n = 61) than was Ae. taeniorhynchus (15%, n = 40). Transmission was also significantly more efficient by Ae. albopictus (36%, n = 44), than by Ae. taeniorhynchus (0%, n = 14). These data, combined with the recent isolation of EEE virus from Ae. albopictus and its opportunistic feeding behavior, indicate that Ae. albopictus could function as a bridge vector between the enzootic Culiseta melanura (Coq.)-avian cycle and susceptible mammalian hosts.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 1994-03-01 PubMed ID: 8189419DOI: 10.1093/jmedent/31.2.287Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper focuses on studying the transmission capability of Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) virus by Aedes taeniorhynchus and four strains of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Findings show that Aedes albopictus is significantly more susceptible to infection and efficient in transmission than Aedes taeniorhynchus, suggestion it could serve as a bridge vector between the enzootic Culiseta melanura-avian cycle and susceptible mammalian hosts.

Objective and Process

  • The primary objective of the research lies in assessing the vector competence of two specific mosquitoes for eastern equine encephalitis virus. Vector competence refers to the aptitude of an insect (here, mosquitoes) to ingest a pathogen (EEE virus) from a host, allow it to develop, and transmit it to a different host.
  • In this research, the researchers focused on Aedes taeniorhynchus and four distinct strains of Aedes albopictus.
  • These mosquito types were chosen as the subjects because researchers had isolated the EEE virus from Aedes albopictus found in Polk County, Florida.
  • The mosquitoes were fed on 1-day-old chicks that had been injected with EEE virus, passing it to the blood system of the chicks. The viral concentration was 10(10.1) plaque-forming units (PFU) per ml of blood.

Findings

  • Both the Aedes taeniorhynchus and the Aedes albopictus species showed the capability to get infected by and transmit the EEE virus after the feeding process.
  • However, significant differences arose when the mosquitoes were fed on an older chick with a lower viremia (lower concentration of EEE virus in the blood).
  • Aedes albopictus, the black and white mosquito, was noticeably more prone to infection (90% of the sample size that consisted of 61 individuals), compared to one species of Aedes taeniorhynchus that showed a low infection rate (15% out of a sample size of 40).
  • Transmission efficiency was also significantly higher for Aedes albopictus, with 36% effective transmission recorded among 44 individuals. In contrast, none of the 14 individual Ae. taeniorhynchus managed to successfully transmit the virus.

Conclusion

  • In conclusion, the research points out that due to the recent isolation of the EEE virus from Aedes albopictus and its opportunistic feeding behavior, this mosquito type may function as a bridge vector between the Culiseta melanura, a species involved in the avian cycle of EEE, and susceptible mammalian hosts.
  • This implies that Aedes albopictus has the potential to be a significant player in the transmission of the EEE virus to mammals, including humans.

Cite This Article

APA
Turell MJ, Beaman JR, Neely GW. (1994). Experimental transmission of eastern equine encephalitis virus by strains of Aedes albopictus and A. taeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol, 31(2), 287-290. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/31.2.287

Publication

Journal of medical entomology
ISSN: 0022-2585
NlmUniqueID: 0375400
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 31
Issue: 2
Pages: 287-290

Researcher Affiliations

Turell, M J
  • Applied Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702.
Beaman, J R
    Neely, G W

      MeSH Terms

      • Aedes / microbiology
      • Animals
      • Chickens / parasitology
      • Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine / isolation & purification
      • Encephalomyelitis, Equine / transmission
      • Florida
      • Insect Vectors
      • Species Specificity

      Citations

      This article has been cited 14 times.
      1. Sallam MF, Whitehead S, Barve N, Bauer A, Guralnick R, Allen J, Tavares Y, Gibson S, Linthicum KJ, Giordano BV, Campbell LP. Co-occurrence probabilities between mosquito vectors of West Nile and Eastern equine encephalitis viruses using Markov Random Fields (MRFcov).. Parasit Vectors 2023 Jan 10;16(1):10.
        doi: 10.1186/s13071-022-05530-1pubmed: 36627717google scholar: lookup
      2. Da Re D, Van Bortel W, Reuss F, Müller R, Boyer S, Montarsi F, Ciocchetta S, Arnoldi D, Marini G, Rizzoli A, L'Ambert G, Lacour G, Koenraadt CJM, Vanwambeke SO, Marcantonio M. dynamAedes: a unified modelling framework for invasive Aedes mosquitoes.. Parasit Vectors 2022 Nov 8;15(1):414.
        doi: 10.1186/s13071-022-05414-4pubmed: 36348368google scholar: lookup
      3. Petrucciani A, Yu G, Ventresca M. Multi-season transmission model of Eastern Equine Encephalitis.. PLoS One 2022;17(8):e0272130.
        doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272130pubmed: 35976903google scholar: lookup
      4. Peach DAH, Matthews BJ. The Invasive Mosquitoes of Canada: An Entomological, Medical, and Veterinary Review.. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 Aug 17;107(2):231-244.
        doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0167pubmed: 35895394google scholar: lookup
      5. Pereira-Dos-Santos T, Roiz D, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Paupy C. A Systematic Review: Is Aedes albopictus an Efficient Bridge Vector for Zoonotic Arboviruses?. Pathogens 2020 Apr 7;9(4).
        doi: 10.3390/pathogens9040266pubmed: 32272651google scholar: lookup
      6. Vaux AG, Medlock JM. Current status of invasive mosquito surveillance in the UK.. Parasit Vectors 2015 Jun 30;8:351.
        doi: 10.1186/s13071-015-0936-9pubmed: 26122427google scholar: lookup
      7. Saxton-Shaw KD, Ledermann JP, Kenney JL, Berl E, Graham AC, Russo JM, Powers AM, Mutebi JP. The first outbreak of eastern equine encephalitis in Vermont: outbreak description and phylogenetic relationships of the virus isolate.. PLoS One 2015;10(6):e0128712.
        doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128712pubmed: 26043136google scholar: lookup
      8. Navia-Gine WG, Loaiza JR, Miller MJ. Mosquito-host interactions during and after an outbreak of equine viral encephalitis in Eastern Panama.. PLoS One 2013;8(12):e81788.
        doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081788pubmed: 24339965google scholar: lookup
      9. Rochlin I, Ninivaggi DV, Hutchinson ML, Farajollahi A. Climate change and range expansion of the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) in Northeastern USA: implications for public health practitioners.. PLoS One 2013;8(4):e60874.
        doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060874pubmed: 23565282google scholar: lookup
      10. Medlock JM, Hansford KM, Schaffner F, Versteirt V, Hendrickx G, Zeller H, Van Bortel W. A review of the invasive mosquitoes in Europe: ecology, public health risks, and control options.. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2012 Jun;12(6):435-47.
        doi: 10.1089/vbz.2011.0814pubmed: 22448724google scholar: lookup
      11. García-Rejón JE, Loroño-Pino MA, Farfán-Ale JA, Flores-Flores LF, López-Uribe MP, Najera-Vazquez Mdel R, Nuñez-Ayala G, Beaty BJ, Eisen L. Mosquito infestation and dengue virus infection in Aedes aegypti females in schools in Merida, Mexico.. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011 Mar;84(3):489-96.
        doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0654pubmed: 21363990google scholar: lookup
      12. Arrigo NC, Adams AP, Watts DM, Newman PC, Weaver SC. Cotton rats and house sparrows as hosts for North and South American strains of eastern equine encephalitis virus.. Emerg Infect Dis 2010 Sep;16(9):1373-80.
        doi: 10.3201/eid1609.100459pubmed: 20735920google scholar: lookup
      13. Arrigo NC, Watts DM, Frolov I, Weaver SC. Experimental infection of Aedes sollicitans and Aedes taeniorhynchus with two chimeric Sindbis/Eastern equine encephalitis virus vaccine candidates.. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2008 Jan;78(1):93-7.
        pubmed: 18187790
      14. Gooding RH. Genetic variation in arthropod vectors of disease-causing organisms: obstacles and opportunities.. Clin Microbiol Rev 1996 Jul;9(3):301-20.
        doi: 10.1128/CMR.9.3.301pubmed: 8809462google scholar: lookup
      Subscribe to our newsletter
      Join 99,344 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.