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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Exploring the Genetic Link Between Coat Colour and Morpholog...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2025; 15(18); 2720; doi: 10.3390/ani15182720

Exploring the Genetic Link Between Coat Colour and Morphological Traits: The Case of Peruano de Paso Horse.

Abstract: The Peruano de Paso is a horse breed renowned for its smooth gait, traditionally selected based on breeders' empirical knowledge. Recently, the frequency of chestnut horses, a recessive trait, has increased substantially within the official studbook. This study evaluated whether preference for chestnut coat colour has influenced morphological traits and genetic diversity within the breed. A total of 8376 records of seven morphological traits, collected by the Peruano de Paso Breeders Association over eight years, were analysed, along with a pedigree including 41,357 individuals. Morphological traits were studied through univariate genetic models that considered potential heterogeneity of additive genetic variance between chestnut and non-chestnut horses. Results indicated moderate to high heritability estimates across traits. No significant differences were observed between groups, except for croup width, with heritability of 0.28 ± 0.08 in chestnuts and 0.44 ± 0.08 in non-chestnuts. Genetic correlations between groups could not be precisely estimated due to limited data. The main effect of selection for chestnut coat colour was a reduction in genetic variability, an increase in inbreeding and relatedness. However, this selection has had little impact on morphology, indicating that the traits valued by breeders remain almost unaffected despite the loss of diversity.
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Publication Date: 2025-09-17 PubMed ID: 41007966PubMed Central: PMC12466503DOI: 10.3390/ani15182720Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Overview

  • This study investigated whether the increased preference and selection for chestnut coat colour in the Peruano de Paso horse breed has impacted their morphological traits and genetic diversity.

Background

  • Peruano de Paso breed: Known for its smooth and distinctive gait, the breed has traditionally been selected based on breeders’ empirical knowledge rather than formal genetic criteria.
  • Chestnut coat colour: A recessive genetic trait that has recently increased in frequency in official breeding records (studbook).
  • The research aimed to understand if selecting horses for chestnut coat colour has inadvertently influenced important physical characteristics and overall genetic health of the breed.

Data and Methods

  • Data collected: 8,376 records of seven morphological traits, collected over an 8-year period by the Peruano de Paso Breeders Association.
  • Pedigree information: Included 41,357 individual horses, allowing analysis of genetic relationships and inbreeding.
  • Statistical approach: Univariate genetic models were used to analyze the heritability (genetic contribution) of each morphological trait, while also considering differences in genetic variance between chestnut and non-chestnut groups.

Key Results

  • Heritability: Moderate to high heritability estimates were found for the morphological traits, indicating a strong genetic component for these traits.
  • Differences between chestnut and non-chestnut horses: No significant differences in heritability were observed for most traits between the two groups.
  • Exception for croup width: The heritability estimate for croup width was lower in chestnut horses (0.28 ± 0.08) compared to non-chestnuts (0.44 ± 0.08), suggesting some genetic influence of coat colour on this trait.
  • Genetic correlations: These could not be precisely estimated due to limited data for certain analyses separating chestnut and non-chestnut horses.

Impacts of Selection for Chestnut Colour

  • Reduced genetic variability: The preference for chestnut coat colour has led to reductions in overall genetic diversity within the breed.
  • Increased inbreeding and relatedness: Selecting strongly for this recessive trait has increased the relatedness among horses, a potential risk factor for inbreeding depression over time.
  • Minimal impact on morphology: Despite these genetic changes, the valued physical traits preserved by breeders have remained largely unaffected, indicating that selection for coat colour did not compromise morphology.

Conclusions and Implications

  • Intense selection for chestnut coat colour in Peruano de Paso horses is associated primarily with genetic diversity loss rather than changes in key physical traits.
  • This suggests breeders’ focus on coat colour has not disrupted the breed’s characteristic morphology and gait, which remain stable despite genetic narrowing.
  • However, the increase in inbreeding calls for monitoring and management strategies to maintain long-term breed health and avoid genetic problems associated with low diversity.
  • Future breeding programs might benefit from balancing coat colour preferences with genetic diversity preservation to sustain the breed’s vigor and traits.

Cite This Article

APA
Karlau A, Azcona F, Molina A, Trigo P, Sánchez-Serrano JP, Demyda-Peyrás S. (2025). Exploring the Genetic Link Between Coat Colour and Morphological Traits: The Case of Peruano de Paso Horse. Animals (Basel), 15(18), 2720. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15182720

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 18
PII: 2720

Researcher Affiliations

Karlau, Ayelen
  • Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 118 s/n, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
  • Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-CCT La Plata, Calle 8 1467, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
Azcona, Florencia
  • Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-CCT La Plata, Calle 8 1467, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
  • Cátedra de Medicina Equina, Departamento de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 118 s/n, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
Molina, Antonio
  • Departamento de Genética, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, CN-IV Km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain.
Trigo, Pablo
  • Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 118 s/n, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
  • Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-CCT La Plata, Calle 8 1467, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
Sánchez-Serrano, Juan Pablo
  • Departamento de Genética, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, CN-IV Km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain.
Demyda-Peyrás, Sebastián
  • Departamento de Genética, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, CN-IV Km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain.

Grant Funding

  • CNS2024-154334 / Agencia Española de Investigación

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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