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Home / Equine Research Bank / Equine Vet J / Expression of select mRNA in Thoroughbreds with catastrophic...
Equine veterinary journal2021; 54(1); 63-73; doi: 10.1111/evj.13423

Expression of select mRNA in Thoroughbreds with catastrophic racing injuries.

Abstract: The ability to identify horses at risk for catastrophic injuries continues to be a pressing issue for the racing industry, especially given recent events in North America. Objective: Since most catastrophic injuries occur in areas of existing pathology and this pathology is likely to elicit an inflammatory response, it was hypothesised that analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression would detect significant changes in select genes in horses at risk for a catastrophic injury. Methods: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Five racing jurisdictions across the United States participated in this study. A total of 686 Tempus RNA Blood Tube samples were collected for mRNA analysis from 107 catastrophically injured horses, as well as from noninjured horses sampled either prerace (n = 374) or postrace (n = 205). A subset of horses (n = 37) were sampled both prerace and postrace for analysis of expression changes during the postrace period. Results: Of 21 genes analysed via RT-qPCR, the expression of 12 genes (ALOX5AP, CD14, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MMP1, PTGS2, TLR4, TNFα, TNFSF13B and VEGFA) changed significantly within 45 minutes after a race and were excluded. Of the remaining nine genes (BMP-2, IGF-1, IL1RN, MMP2, MMP9, Osteoprotegrin, RANKL, SAA1 and TGFβ), three genes (IGF-1, IL1RN and MMP2) were found to be significantly different between catastrophically injured and noninjured horses using multiple logistic regression modelling. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of models, which included mRNA expression, demonstrated sensitivities from 76%-82% (95% CI: 67%-93%) and specificities from 84%-88% (95% CI: 71%-94%) at the Youden Index. Conclusions: Samples were collected as soon as possible postinjury (within 30 minutes). Conclusions: Analysis of mRNA expression of specific genes in the future may be considered as an economical, accessible and noninvasive means by which horses at risk for catastrophic injury can be identified.
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Publication Date: 2021-02-15 PubMed ID: 33438228DOI: 10.1111/evj.13423Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigates changes in the expression of select genes to identify horses at risk for catastrophic injuries. Researchers found significant expression differences in three genes (IGF-1, IL1RN, and MMP2) between injured and noninjured horses, suggesting that analysis of mRNA expression could provide a noninvasive and cost-effective means of catching early signs of risk for injury.

Objective and Hypothesis

  • The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the ability to identify horses that are at a high risk of suffering catastrophic injuries.
  • The hypothesis was that the evaluation of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression could reveal significant changes in select genes in horses that are at the risk of a catastrophic injury, primarily because most injuries occur in areas of existing pathology eliciting an inflammatory response.

Methodology

  • This research was conducted as a prospective cohort study.
  • Across five racing jurisdictions in the U.S., 686 Tempus RNA Blood Tube samples were gathered for mRNA analysis from 107 catastrophically injured horses and noninjured horses, either before or after a race.
  • The researchers also resampled 37 horses both before and after the race to study any expression changes during the post-race period.

Results

  • Out of 21 analyzed genes with RT-qPCR, the expression of 12 genes changed significantly within 45 minutes after a race and hence were removed from the consideration set.
  • Of the remaining nine genes (BMP-2, IGF-1, IL1RN, MMP2, MMP9, Osteoprotegrin, RANKL, SAA1 and TGFβ), three genes (IGF-1, IL1RN and MMP2) presented significant differences between catastrophically injured and noninjured horses when assessed with multiple logistic regression modeling.
  • The receiver operating characteristic analysis of models, including mRNA expression, showed sensitivities from 76%-82% and specificities from 84%-88% at the Youden Index.

Conclusion

  • The samples were collected as quickly as possible post-injury (within 30 minutes).
  • The results suggest that analyzing the mRNA expression of specific genes might serve as an economical, accessible, and noninvasive way to identify horses at risk for catastrophic injury in the future.

Cite This Article

APA
Page AE, Adam E, Arthur R, Barker V, Franklin F, Friedman R, Grande T, Hardy M, Howard B, Partridge E, Rutledge M, Scollay M, Stewart JC, Vale A, Horohov DW. (2021). Expression of select mRNA in Thoroughbreds with catastrophic racing injuries. Equine Vet J, 54(1), 63-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13423

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 54
Issue: 1
Pages: 63-73

Researcher Affiliations

Page, Allen E
  • Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY, USA.
Adam, Emma
  • Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY, USA.
Arthur, Rick
  • School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Barker, Virginia
  • Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY, USA.
Franklin, Forrest
  • California Horse Racing Board, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Friedman, Ron
  • Washington Horse Racing Commission, Olympia, WA, USA.
Grande, Timothy
  • California Horse Racing Board, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Hardy, Michael
  • Indiana Grand Racing and Casino, Shelbyville, IN, USA.
Howard, Bruce
  • Kentucky Horse Racing Commission, Lexington, KY, USA.
Partridge, Emma
  • Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY, USA.
Rutledge, Matthew
  • Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Scollay, Mary
  • Kentucky Horse Racing Commission, Lexington, KY, USA.
Stewart, John C
  • Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY, USA.
Vale, Alina
  • California Horse Racing Board, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Horohov, David W
  • Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Logistic Models
  • North America
  • Prospective Studies
  • RNA, Messenger / genetics
  • Risk Factors

Grant Funding

  • Kentucky Horse Racing Commission

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
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