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BMC veterinary research2018; 14(1); 266; doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1576-z

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in equine sarcoid.

Abstract: Sarcoids are the mostcommon skin tumors in horses, characterized by rare regression, invasiveness and high recurrence following surgical intervention and Delta Papillomaviruses are widely recognized as the causative agents of the disease. In order to gain new insights into equine sarcoid development, we have evaluated, in 25 equine sarcoids, by immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis, the expression levels of VEGF, Ki67 and bcl-2. Moreover, we have measured microvessel density and specific vessel parameters. Results: All sarcoid samples showed a strong and finely granular cytoplasmatic staining for VEGF in the majority (90%) of keratinocytes, sarcoid fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Numerous small blood vessels, immunostained with Von Willebrand factor, often appeared irregular in shape and without a distinct lumen, with mean values of microvessel area and perimeter lower than normal. Moreover, in all sarcoid samples, Ki67 immunoreactivity was moderately positive in 5-10% of dermal sarcoid fibroblasts, while Bcl2 immunoreactivity was detected in 52% of the sarcoid samples, with a weak staining in 20-50% of dermal sarcoid fibroblasts. Biochemical analysis was consistent with immunohistochemical results. Conclusions: This study has provided evidence that in equine sarcoid: VEGF was strongly expressed; the increased number of vessels was not associated with their complete maturation, probably leading to a hypoxic condition, which could increase VEGF synthesis; the levels of sarcoid fibroblasts proliferation were very low. Concluding, VEGF may have a role in equine sarcoid development, not only through the increase of angiogenesis, but also through the control of sarcoid fibroblast activity.
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Publication Date: 2018-09-03 PubMed ID: 30176852PubMed Central: PMC6122557DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1576-zGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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This research investigates the expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in equine sarcoids or skin tumors in horses with the aim of understanding their development. The study discovered that VEGF is not only involved in triggering increased angiogenesis but also controls the activity of sarcoid fibroblasts, cells linked with the development of these tumors.

Objective of the Research

  • The goal of this study was to gain insights into the development of equine sarcoids, the most common skin tumors in horses. This was achieved by evaluating the expression levels of VEGF, Ki67, and bcl-2 in equine sarcoids.

Methods of the Research

  • The research used immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis to examine the expression levels of VEGF, Ki67, and bcl-2 in 25 equine sarcoids.
  • It further measured the microvessel density and specific vessel parameters for a comprehensive analysis.

Results of the Research

  • All equine sarcoid samples showed a strong and precisely granulated cytoplasmic staining for VEGF in 90% of keratinocytes, sarcoid fibroblasts and endothelial cells. These are cell types involved in the growth and development of sarcoids.
  • The study found irregularly shaped blood vessels with smaller area and perimeter than normal.
  • Ki67, a marker for cell proliferation was moderately positive in 5-10% of dermal sarcoid fibroblasts. Bcl2, an anti-apoptotic protein, was detected in 52% of the sarcoid samples.
  • The results from the biochemical analysis were consistent with that of the immunohistochemical analysis.

Conclusions of the Research

  • The research revealed that VEGF was strongly expressed in equine sarcoid, suggesting that it plays a significant role in the development of these tumors.
  • Interestingly, the increased formation of blood vessels (angiogenesis) induced by VEGF did not lead to the complete maturation of these vessels. This likely resulted in a hypoxic condition that could further stimulate the synthesis of VEGF.
  • The study discovered that the level of fibroblast proliferation was very low in the sarcoids, indicating VEGF’s role in controlling fibroblast activity in these tumors.

Overall, the research concluded that VEGF contributes significantly to equine sarcoid development, influencing both angiogenesis and sarcoid fibroblast activity.

Cite This Article

APA
(2018). Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in equine sarcoid. BMC Vet Res, 14(1), 266. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1576-z

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Pages: 266
PII: 266

Researcher Affiliations

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Proliferation
  • Fibroblasts
  • Horse Diseases / metabolism
  • Horses
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Ki-67 Antigen / metabolism
  • Neovascularization, Pathologic
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / metabolism
  • Skin Neoplasms / blood supply
  • Skin Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Skin Neoplasms / veterinary
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / metabolism

Conflict of Interest Statement

AUTHOR’S INFORMATION: is employed as a researcher at the Department of Veterinary medicine and animal production; are employed as associate professors at the Department of Veterinary medicine and animal production; is employed as a full professor at the Department of Veterinary medicine and animal production; is a student trainee for the degree thesis; is a post-doc research fellow at Department of Veterinary medicine and animal production; is PhD fellow at Department of Veterinary medicine and animal production. ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE: This is a non-experimental research on owned animals, affected by spontaneous tumors, surgically excised as routine diagnosis and treatment, after informed written consent obtained from owners, adhering to a high standard (best practice) of veterinary care, and according to Directives 2010/63/EU (art. 1 c. 4) and 2010/63/EU. CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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