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Home / Equine Research Bank / BMC Vet Res / Extended spectrum β lactamase-producing Enterobacteria...
BMC veterinary research2020; 16(1); 479; doi: 10.1186/s12917-020-02701-z

Extended spectrum β lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae shedding by race horses in Ontario, Canada.

Abstract: We aimed to investigate the prevalence, molecular epidemiology and prevalence factors for Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) shedding by race horses. A cross-sectional study was performed involving fecal samples collected from 169 Thoroughbred horses that were housed at a large racing facility in Ontario, Canada. Samples were enriched, plated on selective plates, sub-cultured to obtain pure cultures and ESBL production was confirmed. Bacterial species were identified and antibiotic susceptibility profiles were assessed. E. coli sequence types (ST) and ESBL genes were determined using multilocus sequence type (MLST) and sequencing. Whole genome sequencing was performed to isolates harboring CTX-M-1 gene. Medical records were reviewed and associations were investigated. Results: Adult horses (n = 169), originating from 16 different barns, were sampled. ESBL-E shedding rate was 12% (n = 21/169, 95% CI 8-18%); 22 ESBL-E isolates were molecularly studied (one horse had two isolates). The main species was E. coli (91%) and the major ESBL gene was CTX-M-1 (54.5%). Ten different E. coli STs were identified. Sixty-four percent of total isolates were defined as multi-drug resistant. ESBL-E shedding horses originated from 8/16 different barns; whereas 48% (10/21) of them originated from one specific barn. Overall, antibiotic treatment in the previous month was found as a prevalence factor for ESBL-E shedding (p = 0.016, prevalence OR = 27.72, 95% CI 1.845-416.555). Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the potential diverse reservoir of ESBL-E in Thoroughbred race horses. Multi-drug resistant bacteria should be further investigated to improve antibiotic treatment regimens and equine welfare.
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Publication Date: 2020-12-09 PubMed ID: 33298039PubMed Central: PMC7726890DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02701-zGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research was focused on studying the extent, molecular characteristics, and factors related to the shedding of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, specifically Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, by race horses in Ontario, Canada.

Study Design

  • The study was of cross-sectional nature, using fecal samples from 169 Thoroughbred race horses based in a large racing facility in Ontario, Canada. This study aims to provide valuable insights into the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in commonly shared spaces like horse racing facilities.
  • The samples were run through various tests including enrichment, placement on selective plates, sub-culturing for pure cultures and confirmation of ESBL production.
  • Procedures like multilocus sequence type (MLST) and sequencing were used to specify bacterial species, analyze their antibiotic susceptibility profiles, and identify the specific E. coli sequence types and ESBL genes. Whole genome sequencing was provided for isolates carrying the CTX-M-1 gene.

Results

  • The results revealed that 12% (21 out of 169 horses) were shedding ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. One of the horses had two isolates, hence 22 isolates were studied molecularly in total.
  • The majority of the bacteria were identified as E. coli (91%), with the prominent ESBL gene being CTX-M-1 (54.5%). Ten different E. coli Sequence Types were identified within the samples.
  • A considerable percentage of the isolates (64%) were defined as multi-drug resistant, underlying the potential risks and challenges these bacteria may impose on equine health and antibiotic therapy.
  • The study also examined the physical location and factors associated with these outcomes. The horses that were shedding ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae originated from half of the different barns studied; however, 10 out of 21 of these horses originated from one specific barn. This could be a valuable pointer towards understanding environmental and management factors facilitating such bacterial prevalence.
  • Importantly, the research found a significant link between antibiotic treatment in the month prior to the investigation and ESBL-E shedding, indicating that recent antibiotic use can be a factor in promoting the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Conclusion

  • This study emphasizes the potential wide reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, especially ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, within the population of race horses.
  • Further extensive studies are warranted to provide a deeper understanding of these multi-drug resistant bacteria, which would help in improving antibiotic treatment regimens, enhancing equine health and welfare, and reducing the risk of transmission of such bacteria to other animals and humans.

Cite This Article

APA
Shnaiderman-Torban A, Navon-Venezia S, Paitan Y, Archer H, Abu Ahmad W, Bonder D, Hanael E, Nissan I, Zizelski Valenci G, Weese SJ, Steinman A. (2020). Extended spectrum β lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae shedding by race horses in Ontario, Canada. BMC Vet Res, 16(1), 479. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02701-z

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 16
Issue: 1
Pages: 479
PII: 479

Researcher Affiliations

Shnaiderman-Torban, Anat
  • The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel.
Navon-Venezia, Shiri
  • Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
Paitan, Yossi
  • Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
  • Clinical Microbiology Lab, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.
Archer, Holly
  • Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
Abu Ahmad, Wiessam
  • Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Bonder, Darryl
  • Ontario Equine Hospital, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
Hanael, Erez
  • The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel.
Nissan, Israel
  • Ministry of Health, National Public Health Laboratory, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Zizelski Valenci, Gal
  • Ministry of Health, National Public Health Laboratory, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Weese, Scott J
  • Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
Steinman, Amir
  • The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel. amirst@savion.huji.ac.il.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Drug Resistance, Multiple / genetics
  • Enterobacteriaceae / genetics
  • Enterobacteriaceae / isolation & purification
  • Enterobacteriaceae Infections / epidemiology
  • Enterobacteriaceae Infections / microbiology
  • Enterobacteriaceae Infections / veterinary
  • Escherichia coli / genetics
  • Escherichia coli / isolation & purification
  • Escherichia coli Infections / epidemiology
  • Escherichia coli Infections / microbiology
  • Escherichia coli Infections / veterinary
  • Feces / microbiology
  • Female
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horses
  • Male
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests / veterinary
  • Multilocus Sequence Typing / veterinary
  • Ontario / epidemiology
  • Prevalence
  • beta-Lactamases / genetics

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Khalid E, Tartor YH, Ammar AM, Abdelaziz R, Mahmmod Y, Abdelkhalek A. Controlling drug-resistant bacteria in Arabian horses: bacteriophage cocktails for treating wound infections. Front Vet Sci 2025;12:1609955.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1609955pubmed: 41169678google scholar: lookup
  2. Polo MC, Huby FD, Uehlinger FD, Rubin JE. Survey of the antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolated from horses admitted to the Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Can Vet J 2025 Apr;66(4):435-439.
    pubmed: 40170942
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