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Home / Equine Research Bank / Curr Issues Mol Biol / Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Diagnostic Tool and Potentia...
Current issues in molecular biology2024; 46(11); 13078-13104; doi: 10.3390/cimb46110780

Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Diagnostic Tool and Potential Therapeutic Approach for Equine Osteoarthritis.

Abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic progressive degenerative joint disease that affects a significant portion of the equine population and humans worldwide. Current treatment options for equine OA are limited and incompletely curative. Horses provide an excellent large-animal model for studying human OA. Recent advances in the field of regenerative medicine have led to the exploration of extracellular vesicles (EVs)-cargoes of microRNA, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids-to evaluate their diagnostic value in terms of disease progression and severity, as well as a potential cell-free therapeutic approach for equine OA. EVs transmit molecular signals that influence various biological processes, including the inflammatory response, apoptosis, proliferation, and cell communication. In the present review, we summarize recent advances in the isolation and identification of EVs, the use of their biologically active components as biomarkers, and the distribution of the gap junction protein connexin 43. Moreover, we highlight the role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs as a potential therapeutic tool for equine musculoskeletal disorders. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for OA. In particular, the roles of EVs as biomarkers in synovial fluid, chondrocytes, and plasma for the early detection of equine OA are discussed.
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Publication Date: 2024-11-17 PubMed ID: 39590374PubMed Central: PMC11593097DOI: 10.3390/cimb46110780Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article discusses the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for equine osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic joint disease affecting horses. The article highlights the current understanding of disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment strategies, and the role of EVs as potential indicators for early detection of equine OA.

Understanding of Osteoarthritis and the Role of Horses

  • Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative joint disease affecting both humans and horses globally. The degeneration refers to the loss of cartilage in the joints, leading to painful bone-on-bone interaction.
  • The article suggests that horses provide a good large-animal model for studying human osteoarthritis due to the similarities in their joint structure and disease progression.
  • Given the limited treatment options for equine OA, which often fail to fully cure the disease, new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are needed.

Role and Importance of Extracellular Vesicles

  • Recent advances in regenerative medicine have sparked interest in extracellular vesicles (EVs) for their potential value in diagnosing and treating OA. EVs are small particles that cells release into their environment, carrying important biological components, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
  • ECs transmit molecular signals that influence a variety of biological processes, such as inflammation, cell death, proliferation, and cell communication; all significant factors in the development and progression of OA.
  • The study focuses on identifying and isolating EVs, using their active components as biomarkers, and understanding the distribution of the gap junction protein connexin 43, known to play a critical role in cell communication.

Potential Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived EVs

  • The article highlights that extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells could be a future therapeutic tool for musculoskeletal disorders in horses, including OA.
  • Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into various types of cells. By harnessing this potential, clinicians and scientists could potentially develop cell-free therapies for the treatment of not only equine OA but also human OA.

EVs as Biomarkers for Early Detection of OA

  • Studying the roles of EVs in synovial fluids, chondrocytes (cartilage cells), and plasma could provide important insights about the early signs of equine OA.
  • By using these indicators, one could establish a mechanism for early detection and management of OA in horses, improving the animal’s health outcome and reducing the impact of the disease.

Cite This Article

APA
Elashry MI, Speer J, De Marco I, Klymiuk MC, Wenisch S, Arnhold S. (2024). Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Diagnostic Tool and Potential Therapeutic Approach for Equine Osteoarthritis. Curr Issues Mol Biol, 46(11), 13078-13104. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46110780

Publication

Current issues in molecular biology
ISSN: 1467-3045
NlmUniqueID: 100931761
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 46
Issue: 11
Pages: 13078-13104

Researcher Affiliations

Elashry, Mohamed I
  • Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Speer, Julia
  • Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
De Marco, Isabelle
  • Clinic of Small Animals, c/o Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Klymiuk, Michele C
  • Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Wenisch, Sabine
  • Clinic of Small Animals, c/o Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Arnhold, Stefan
  • Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.

Grant Funding

  • AR333/11-1 / Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

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