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Home / Equine Research Bank / Extracell Vesicles Circ Nucl Acids / Extracellular vesicles in the treatment and prevention of os...
Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids2023; 4(2); 151-169; doi: 10.20517/evcna.2023.11

Extracellular vesicles in the treatment and prevention of osteoarthritis: can horses help us translate this therapy to humans?

Abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease affecting humans and horses, resulting in significant morbidity, financial expense, and loss of athletic use. While the pathogenesis is incompletely understood, inflammation is considered crucial in the development and progression of the disease. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have received increasing scientific attention for their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and pro-regenerative effects. However, there are concerns about their ability to become a commercially available therapeutic. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are now recognized to play a crucial role in the therapeutic efficacy observed with MSCs and offer a potentially novel cell-free therapeutic that may negate many of the concerns with MSCs. There is evidence that EVs have profound anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and pro-regenerative effects equal to or greater than the MSCs they are derived from in the treatment of OA. Most of these studies are in small animal models, limiting the translation of these results to humans. However, highly translational animal models are crucial for further understanding the efficacy of potential therapeutics and for close comparisons with humans. For this reason, the horse, which experiences the same gravitational impacts on joints similar to people, is a highly relevant large animal species for testing. The equine species has well-designed and validated OA models, and additionally, therapies can be further tested in naturally occurring OA to validate preclinical model testing. Therefore, the horse is a highly suitable model to increase our knowledge of the therapeutic potential of EVs.
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Publication Date: 2023-04-17 PubMed ID: 37829144PubMed Central: PMC10568983DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2023.11Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research explores the potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for treating osteoarthritis (OA) in humans, using the horse as a relevant model due to similar joint effects. Recognition of EVs’ therapeutic efficacy might overtake the use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in disease treatment due to less associated complications.

Understanding Osteoarthritis and Its Challenges

  • Osteoarthritis impacts humans and horses significantly, causing pain, financial burdens, and loss of athletic utility.
  • The disease development and progression are still not fully understood; however, inflammation plays a crucial role.
  • Current research focuses on MSCs because of their properties providing anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and pro-regenerative effects. Still, the possibility of commercializing them as a therapeutic remedy raises concerns.

Exploring Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in Therapy

  • The study recognises EVs, derived from MSCs, as pivotal to the therapeutic efficacy in treating OA.
  • Evs could provide a novel cell-free therapeutic option and possibly address some concerns related to MSCs.
  • Evidence suggests that the EVs have similar or sometimes even greater anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and pro-regenerative effects compared to the MSCs from which they originate.
  • However, most studies have been conducted on small animal models, which restrict the translation of the findings to humans.

The Horse as a Model for Translating Results

  • For the findings to be applicable to humans, investigation using highly translational animal models is vital.
  • Thanks to the similar impact of gravity on jJoints in horses and humans, horses make for an extremely relevant model to verify the therapeutic potential of EVs.
  • Horses, having well-established and validated OA models, are not only useful for testing potential therapies but also for validating pre-clinical model testing by observing naturally occurring OA.
  • As such, the study proposes using the horse as a suitable model for increasing our understanding of the therapeutic potential of EVs.

Cite This Article

APA
O'Brien TJ, Hollinshead F, Goodrich LR. (2023). Extracellular vesicles in the treatment and prevention of osteoarthritis: can horses help us translate this therapy to humans? Extracell Vesicles Circ Nucl Acids, 4(2), 151-169. https://doi.org/10.20517/evcna.2023.11

Publication

Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids
NlmUniqueID: 101775065
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 4
Issue: 2
Pages: 151-169

Researcher Affiliations

O'Brien, Thomas J
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Hollinshead, Fiona
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Goodrich, Laurie R
  • Orthopaedic Research Center, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.

Grant Funding

  • F32 AR049159 / NIAMS NIH HHS

Conflict of Interest Statement

Conflicts of interest All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

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