Extranodal lymphoblastic lymphoma of suspected B-cell lineage in the gingiva of a racehorse, accompanied by mandibular osteolysis.
Abstract: A mass developed in the mandibular gingiva of a thoroughbred racehorse. When the horse could no longer eat unassisted, it was killed and immediately autopsied. Macroscopically, the mandible exhibited extensive osteolysis, with only a small amount of bone remaining around the tooth roots. The cut surface of the mass around the mandible consisted of neoplastic medullary tissue, in which osteogenesis was observed. The medullary tissue was composed of pleomorphic medium-sized to large cells, interlaced by collagen bundles. These cells had large, pale, round or ovoid, sometimes cleaved nuclei, with one or two prominent nucleoli. Mitoses were numerous. Electron microscopy showed that the cells in the medullary tissues were similar in shape to undifferentiated lymphocytes. Immunohistochemically, these cells were positive for B-cell associated antigen in the pre-B-cell stage. Our findings suggest that the horse had extranodal lymphoblastic lymphoma of suspected B-cell lineage, possibly originating from the lymphatic system of the gingiva. We consider that the osteolysis resulted from activation of osteoclasts by proliferation of the tumour cells.
Publication Date: 2003-05-22 PubMed ID: 12757553DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0442.2003.00516.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The study involves an analysis of an abnormal mass found within the gum of a racing horse, which showed severe bone loss and characteristics of extranodal lymphoblastic lymphoma, potentially originating from B-cell lymphoma.
About the Examination
- The study began when a mass was found in the lower gum of a thoroughbred racehorse. The horse had become unable to eat without assistance and thus was euthanized and then immediately autopsied for closer examination.
- The researchers observed a significant loss of bone in the jaw, with a minimal amount of bone left surrounding the tooth roots.
- An examination of the mass itself showed that it was composed of cancerous bone marrow tissue, where new bone formation (osteogenesis) was seen.
Further Analysis
- The make-up of the tissue was comprised of irregular medium to large cells, intertwined with collagen bundles. These cells had large, pale, round or sometimes cleaved nuclei, with one or two prominent nucleoli. A high number of cell divisions (mitosis) were observed, suggesting rapid cell growth and division.
- The researchers used electron microscopy for further analysis, revealing that the cells in the cancerous bone marrow tissues were similar in structure and shape to undifferentiated lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell found in the immune system.
- Further testing using immunohistochemistry confirmed that these cells tested positive for an antigen associated with B-cells in the stage before they fully develop (pre-B-cell stage) indicating a possible lineage of B-cells, which are a type of cell important in the immune response
Conclusions
- Based on these findings, the researchers concluded that the horse was suffering from a rare form of cancer known as extranodal lymphoblastic lymphoma of suspected B-cell lineage. This cancer could have possibly originated from the lymphatic system of the gum.
- The researchers also propose that the significant bone loss (osteolysis) that was observed in the horse’s jaw was likely due to the activation of osteoclasts, cells that break down bone, by the rapidly proliferating tumor cells.
Cite This Article
APA
Oikawa M, Ohishi H, Katayama Y, Kushiro A, Yoshikawa H, Yoshikawa T.
(2003).
Extranodal lymphoblastic lymphoma of suspected B-cell lineage in the gingiva of a racehorse, accompanied by mandibular osteolysis.
J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med, 50(3), 151-155.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0442.2003.00516.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Addresses of authors: Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 321-4 Tokami, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0856, Japan. masaaki_oikawa@jra.go.jp
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Autopsy
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Gingival Neoplasms / complications
- Gingival Neoplasms / diagnosis
- Gingival Neoplasms / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / diagnostic imaging
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horses
- Immunohistochemistry / veterinary
- Mandibular Diseases / complications
- Mandibular Diseases / diagnosis
- Mandibular Diseases / veterinary
- Osteolysis / complications
- Osteolysis / diagnosis
- Osteolysis / veterinary
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / complications
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / diagnosis
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / veterinary
- Radiography
Citations
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