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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2024; 14(13); 1877; doi: 10.3390/ani14131877

Eye Temperature Measured with Infrared Thermography to Assess Stress Responses to Road Transport in Horses.

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate eye temperature modifications after road transport in athletic horses habituated to travel. Eight adult Italian saddle horses traveled 100 km and, two weeks later, 300 km. Eye temperature (ET), rectal temperature (RT) and serum cortisol concentration were assessed before (T1), after (T2) and 60 min (T3) after the road transport. ET was evaluated with infrared thermography (IRT) in three regions of interest: EL1 (medial canthus), EL2 (central cornea) and EL3 (lateral canthus). Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures showed statistically higher values at T2 and T3 for EL1 ( < 0.01), EL2 ( < 0.01) and EL3 ( < 0.01) following the 100 km journey. RT ( < 0.01) showed higher values at T2 and T3 after the 100 km journey and higher values at T2 ( < 0.01) following the 300 km journey. ET values were positively correlated with RT at T1, T2 and T3 following the 100 km journey and at T2 following the 300 km journey and positively correlated with serum cortisol concentration at T1, T2 and T3 following the 100 km journey and at T2 and T3 following the 300 km journey. Eye temperature monitoring with IRT allows quick and practical strategies to monitor an animal's physiological state and welfare during daily activities.
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Publication Date: 2024-06-26 PubMed ID: 38997989PubMed Central: PMC11240744DOI: 10.3390/ani14131877Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigates how the stress of road transport impacts the eye temperature of athletic horses that have been habituated to travel. Measurements were taken using infrared thermography before transport, immediately afterwards and 60 minutes later. It was found that travel showed significant increases in eye temperature and this estimation method may be used to monitor an animal’s physiological state and welfare.

Study Objective

  • The primary target of this research was to analyze how the stress inherent in road transport physically impacts athletic horses that are already accustomed to travel.

Sample and Methodology

  • A total of eight adult Italian saddle horses were included in the study. Their eye temperatures were measured following road trips of 100 km and, two weeks later, 300 km.
  • The eye temperature (ET) measurements were taken before transport (T1), immediately after (T2), and 60 minutes post-transport (T3).
  • Infrared thermography (IRT) was used to assess ET in three specific regions: the medial canthus (EL1), the central cornea (EL2), and the lateral canthus (EL3).
  • Other measurements taken included rectal temperature (RT) and serum cortisol concentration, gauging physiological stress levels.

Statistical Analysis and Results

  • A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures was used to evaluate the data.
  • The results showed statistically higher values at T2 and T3 for all three eye regions (EL1, EL2, EL3) after the 100 km trip.
  • Similarly, rectal temperature (RT) also showed higher values at T2 and T3 after the 100 km trip and at T2 following the 300 km trek.
  • ET values were found to be positively correlated with rectal temperature at all time points (T1, T2, and T3) after the 100 km trip and at T2 after the 300 km journey.
  • ET measurements were also positively correlated with serum cortisol concentration at T1, T2, and T3 following the 100 km journey and at T2 and T3 following the 300 km travel.

Study Implications and Concluding Remarks

  • Eye temperature monitoring using IRT can help discern quick and practical strategies for gauging an animal’s physiological state and welfare amid day-to-day activities, like travel.
  • This non-invasive technique of measuring eye temperature can provide caregivers, veterinarians, and researchers with a potent tool to monitor an animal’s stress response in various situations, including transport.

Cite This Article

APA
Aragona F, Rizzo M, Arfuso F, Acri G, Fazio F, Piccione G, Giannetto C. (2024). Eye Temperature Measured with Infrared Thermography to Assess Stress Responses to Road Transport in Horses. Animals (Basel), 14(13), 1877. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14131877

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 13
PII: 1877

Researcher Affiliations

Aragona, Francesca
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
Rizzo, Maria
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
Arfuso, Francesca
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
Acri, Giuseppe
  • Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy.
Fazio, Francesco
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
Piccione, Giuseppe
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
Giannetto, Claudia
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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