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Factors associated with adverse reactions induced by caprylic acid-fractionated whole IgG preparations: comparison between horse, sheep and camel IgGs.
Abstract: Caprylic acid purification of IgG, currently used in the manufacture of horse-derived antivenoms, was successfully adapted for the preparation of sheep and camel IgG. Sheep IgG had a molecular mass of approximately 150 kDa, whereas camel IgG presented two bands of molecular masses of approximately 160 and 100 kDa, the latter corresponding to heavy-chain IgG, which is devoid of light chains. Horse, sheep and camel IgGs were compared by several parameters aiming at predicting their potential for induction of early and late adverse reactions. Horse and sheep IgGs showed a higher anticomplementary activity than camel IgG, and also elicited a higher anti-IgG response than camel IgG, when injected in mice. Horse IgG agglutinated human type O+ erythrocytes, whereas no such reactivity was observed in sheep and camel IgG preparations. A novel procedure was used for the detection of antibodies in human serum against animal IgGs. It was found that a pool of human sera collected in Costa Rica had a higher titer of antibodies directed against horse and sheep IgGs than against camel IgG. Overall, camel IgG showed the lowest potential for the induction of adverse reactions among the three IgGs tested.
Publication Date: 2005-09-23 PubMed ID: 16183094DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.08.004Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research article investigates the factors responsible for adverse reactions caused by whole IgG preparations fractionated by caprylic acid. It compares these reactions between IgGs from horses, sheep, and camels, concluding that camel IgG had the least potential for triggering adverse reactions.
Summary of Research
- The scientists have explored caprylic acid purification of IgG, concentrating primarily on horse-derived antivenoms. They expanded this method to include sheep and camel IgG. This process revealed different molecular masses for the IgG of each animal: approximately 150 kDa for sheep and two bands of approximately 160 and 100 kDa for camel – the second of which is a heavy-chain IgG lacking light chains.
- The IgG examples from the three different animal sources were evaluated to predict their potential to provoke early and late adverse reactions. The IgGs of horses and sheep demonstrated higher anticomplementary activities than camel IgG. They also generated a stronger anti-IgG response when injected into mice.
Findings
- Analysis showed that horse IgG agglutinated type O+ human erythrocytes. In contrast, no such reactivity was noted in the IgG preparations from sheep or camels.
- The study also introduced a new procedure to identify antibodies in human serum that react against animal IgGs. On testing a pooled human sera sample collected in Costa Rica, researchers found a higher level of antibodies targeted against horse and sheep IgGs when compared to camel IgG.
- The overall results indicated that camel IgG was least likely to induce adverse reactions as compared to IgGs from horses and sheep.
Conclusions
- The research indicates that caprylic acid-purified IgGs from different animal sources can lead to varying degrees of immune reactions.
- The method to purify IgG seems to work consistently across different species. This could have implications for the production of antivenoms.
- The research suggests that camel IgG has the least potential to cause adverse reactions, potentially making it a better source for IgG to produce antivenom therapeutics. However, further research would be necessary to confirm this.
Cite This Article
APA
Herrera M, León G, Segura A, Meneses F, Lomonte B, Chippaux JP, Gutiérrez JM.
(2005).
Factors associated with adverse reactions induced by caprylic acid-fractionated whole IgG preparations: comparison between horse, sheep and camel IgGs.
Toxicon, 46(7), 775-781.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.08.004 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antivenins / adverse effects
- Antivenins / chemistry
- Antivenins / immunology
- Antivenins / isolation & purification
- Camelus / blood
- Camelus / immunology
- Caprylates / chemistry
- Chemical Fractionation
- Complement Activation
- Complement System Proteins / immunology
- Costa Rica
- Erythrocyte Aggregation
- Horses / blood
- Horses / immunology
- Humans
- Immune Sera / immunology
- Immunoglobulin G / adverse effects
- Immunoglobulin G / chemistry
- Immunoglobulin G / immunology
- Immunoglobulin G / isolation & purification
- Mice
- Sheep / blood
- Sheep / immunology
Citations
This article has been cited 10 times.- Chouchane L, Grivel JC, Farag EABA, Pavlovski I, Maacha S, Sathappan A, Al-Romaihi HE, Abuaqel SW, Ata MMA, Chouchane AI, Remadi S, Halabi N, Rafii A, Al-Thani MH, Marr N, Subramanian M, Shan J. Dromedary camels as a natural source of neutralizing nanobodies against SARS-CoV-2. JCI Insight 2021 Mar 8;6(5).
- Quintana-Castillo JC, Estrada-Gómez S, Cardona-Arias JA. Economic Evaluations of Interventions for Snakebites: A Systematic Review. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res 2020;12:547-554.
- Nazari A, Samianifard M, Rabie H, Mirakabadi AZ. Recombinant antibodies against Iranian cobra venom as a new emerging therapy by phage display technology. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2020 Jun 19;26:e20190099.
- Chippaux JP, Massougbodji A, Habib AG. The WHO strategy for prevention and control of snakebite envenoming: a sub-Saharan Africa plan. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2019;25:e20190083.
- Ali A, Baby B, Vijayan R. From Desert to Medicine: A Review of Camel Genomics and Therapeutic Products. Front Genet 2019;10:17.
- Knudsen C, Laustsen AH. Recent Advances in Next Generation Snakebite Antivenoms. Trop Med Infect Dis 2018 Apr 15;3(2).
- Khamehchian S, Zolfagharian H, Dounighi NM, Tebianian M, Madani R. Study on camel IgG purification: a new approach to prepare Naja Naja Oxiana antivenom as passive immunization for therapy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014;10(6):1633-8.
- Squaiella-Baptistão CC, Marcelino JR, Ribeiro da Cunha LE, Gutiérrez JM, Tambourgi DV. Anticomplementary activity of horse IgG and F(ab')2 antivenoms. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014 Mar;90(3):574-84.
- Richard G, Meyers AJ, McLean MD, Arbabi-Ghahroudi M, MacKenzie R, Hall JC. In vivo neutralization of α-cobratoxin with high-affinity llama single-domain antibodies (VHHs) and a VHH-Fc antibody. PLoS One 2013;8(7):e69495.
- Da Costa CBP, Cruz ACM, Penha JCQ, Castro HC, Da Cunha LER, Ratcliffe NA, Cisne R, Martins FJ. Using in vivo animal models for studying SARS-CoV-2. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022 Feb;17(2):121-137.
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