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Journal of veterinary internal medicine2024; 38(5); 2686-2697; doi: 10.1111/jvim.17156

Feasibility of transthoracic echocardiographic guidance for multicatheter electrophysiological mapping studies in horses.

Abstract: Improved characterization of arrhythmias is based on minimally invasive catheterizations. However, these catheterizations have been poorly explored in horses because apart from 3-dimensional (3D) mapping systems, continuous guidance of the catheter's position with adequate detail is difficult using current imaging modalities. Objective: Position multiple electrophysiology catheters simultaneously at predetermined strategical positions in the heart using transthoracic echocardiographic guidance. Methods: Eight adult healthy horses. Methods: Observational study. Two electrophysiological studies were performed: 1 procedure with catheters positioned in the right heart in the standing sedated horse and 1 procedure under general anesthesia with catheters positioned in the left heart. Except for the coronary sinus catheter, each catheter positioning was simultaneously guided by right-parasternal transthoracic echocardiography and 3D electro-anatomical mapping. Results: For each catheter position, a central imaging plane was taken as the starting point, after which the imaging probe was shifted, rotated, and angulated to visualize the catheter over its entire length, including its distal electrode. Catheter positionings in the right heart and left ventricle were successfully guided in the majority of the horses whereas catheter positionings in the left atrium, and especially the pulmonary veins, were challenging to guide echocardiographically. Conclusions: Ultrasound guidance of catheters to specific positions useful for electrophysiological mapping was feasible in the right heart and left ventricle but challenging for the left atrium. This approach creates a perspective for minimally invasive arrhythmia diagnosis without the need for a 3D mapping system. Left parasternal views and intracardiac echocardiography might provide better guidance for left atrial positions.
© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2024-08-03 PubMed ID: 39096119PubMed Central: PMC11423469DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17156Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discussed an experimental method in equine cardiology where multiple electrophysiology catheters were placed at strategic heart locations using transthoracic echocardiographic guidance. The researchers aim was to provide a less invasive means for diagnosing heart arrhythmias in horses without the need for 3D mapping systems.

Objective and Methodology

  • The research aimed to examine the feasibility of positioning multiple electrophysiology catheters in the heart of horses through the guidance of transthoracic echocardiography, a non-invasive ultrasound technique that visualizes the heart.
  • The study involved eight healthy adult horses, on which two electrophysiological studies were performed. One operation involved placing catheters in the right heart while the horse is sedated, and the other under general anesthesia with catheters positioned in the left heart.
  • Every catheter placement, except for the one in the coronary sinus, had its positioning guided by right-parasternal transthoracic echocardiography combined with 3D electro-anatomical mapping.

Results

  • For every catheter positioning, a fundamental imaging plane was first established. After this, the imaging probe was adjusted to visualize the complete length of the catheter and its distal electrode.
  • The researchers found catheter positioning in the right heart and left ventricle to be successfully guided in most horses. However, positioning in the left atrium and, especially, the pulmonary veins was challenging to guide using echocardiography.
  • The study suggests that ultrasound-guided catheter positioning for electrophysiological mapping is feasible in the right heart and left ventricle but is difficult for the left atrium.

Conclusion

  • The research concludes that the study’s approach provides a perspective for minimally invasive arrhythmia diagnosis in horses without the need for 3D mapping systems. However, this technique presents challenges in precise catheter placements, especially in the left atrium.
  • As a potential solution to this issue, the researchers suggest left parasternal views and intracardiac echocardiography to provide better guidance for positions in the left atrium.

Cite This Article

APA
Vernemmen I, Buschmann E, Demeyere M, Verhaeghe LM, Van Steenkiste G, Decloedt A, van Loon G. (2024). Feasibility of transthoracic echocardiographic guidance for multicatheter electrophysiological mapping studies in horses. J Vet Intern Med, 38(5), 2686-2697. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.17156

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 38
Issue: 5
Pages: 2686-2697

Researcher Affiliations

Vernemmen, Ingrid
  • Equine Cardioteam Ghent, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Buschmann, Eva
  • Equine Cardioteam Ghent, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Demeyere, Marie
  • Equine Cardioteam Ghent, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Verhaeghe, Lize-Maria
  • Equine Cardioteam Ghent, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Van Steenkiste, Glenn
  • Equine Cardioteam Ghent, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Decloedt, Annelies
  • Equine Cardioteam Ghent, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
van Loon, Gunther
  • Equine Cardioteam Ghent, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Echocardiography / veterinary
  • Echocardiography / methods
  • Female
  • Male
  • Cardiac Catheterization / veterinary
  • Cardiac Catheterization / methods
  • Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac / veterinary
  • Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac / instrumentation
  • Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac / methods
  • Feasibility Studies
  • Arrhythmias, Cardiac / veterinary
  • Arrhythmias, Cardiac / diagnostic imaging
  • Arrhythmias, Cardiac / physiopathology

Grant Funding

  • 1S71521N / Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
  • 1SA2223N / Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
  • 1SE9122N / Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
  • 01B05818 / Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds UGent

Conflict of Interest Statement

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Buschmann E, Van Steenkiste G, Vernemmen I, Demeyere M, Schauvliege S, Decloedt A, van Loon G. Multiple Catheter Recording in Horses to Investigate Atrial Depolarization Pattern During Sinus Rhythm and Induced Premature Atrial Complexes. J Vet Intern Med 2025 Sep-Oct;39(5):e70218.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.70218pubmed: 40966305google scholar: lookup
  2. Buschmann E, Van Steenkiste G, Vernemmen I, Demeyere M, Schauvliege S, Decloedt A, van Loon G. Caudal vena cava isolation using ablation index-guided radiofrequency catheter ablation (CARTO™ 3) to treat sustained atrial tachycardia in horses. J Vet Intern Med 2025 Jan-Feb;39(1):e17251.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.17251pubmed: 39614765google scholar: lookup
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