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Veterinary parasitology2009; 161(1-2); 138-141; doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.01.004

Field effectiveness of pyrantel and failure of Parascaris equorum egg count reduction following ivermectin treatment in Italian horse farms.

Abstract: A study was carried out to assess the field efficacy of ivermectin (IVM) and pyrantel pamoate (PYR) against Parascaris equorum. Seventy-three foals (3-18 months old) from 5 stud farms, not treated with anthelmintics in the previous 10 weeks and with individual faecal egg counts (FEC) >200, were included in the study. For each stud farm, 5-7 foals were included in the IVM-treatment group (IVM 0.2%, 200 mcg/kg body weight) or in the PYR-treatment group (PYR 38%, 13.2mg/kg body weight) and 3 were untreated as controls. For each foal, FECs were carried out before treatment (Day 0) and on Days 7 and 21. An individually based estimation of efficacy was assessed by a bootstrap simulation applied to different previously suggested formulae to evaluate the percent reduction of faecal egg counts (FECR). Two thousand bootstrap resamples were constructed from individual FECRs and the parasite population was considered susceptible for FECs >or=90 and 95% confidence interval (C.I.) >or=95%, suspected resistant for FECRs comprised between 80 and 90% and 95% C.I. <95% and resistant when FECR
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Publication Date: 2009-01-20 PubMed ID: 19201100DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.01.004Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigates the effectiveness of ivermectin and pyrantel pamoate in treating Parascaris equorum in horses on Italian farms. It found that treatment varied, with ivermectin showing effectiveness in some cases, but pyrantel pamoate consistently effective in all instances.

Research Methodology

The research included 73 foals aged between three to 18 months selected from five stud farms. To be included, the foals must not have been treated with anthelmintics in the preceding ten weeks and had individual faecal egg counts (FEC) over 200. At each farm:

  • 5-7 foals were treated with ivermectin
  • 5-7 foals were treated with pyrantel pamoate
  • 3 foals were left untreated as control samples

Both medicines were delivered at specific dosages based on body weight, and faecal egg counts were carried out before treatment and on subsequent seventh and twenty-first days.

Assessment of Efficacy

The researchers used multiple previously suggested formulae to assess the percent reduction of FECs. They carried out a bootstrap simulation – a method of statistical resampling, to provide an individually-based estimation of the treatment’s efficacy. Two thousand bootstrap resamples were constructed from individual FECRs (Faecal Egg Count Reduction).

The researchers classified the parasite populations based on FECs and accompanying confidence intervals:

  • FEC > 90% and Confidence Interval > 95% were considered susceptible
  • FEC between 80% to 90% and Confidence Interval < 95% were considered as suspected resistant
  • FEC≤80% and Confidence Interval < 90% were listed as resistant

Research Findings

The study’s analysis found that the effectiveness of the Ivermectin varied. On two farms, it was effective; on one, it resulted in ambiguous results, and on two farms, it proved ineffective. However, Pyrantel pamoate showed full effectiveness on all farms. This suggests the existence of Parascaris equorum populations resistant to Ivermectin in Italy, hinting at a widespread resistance trend through Europe’s horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Veronesi F, Moretta I, Moretti A, Fioretti DP, Genchi C. (2009). Field effectiveness of pyrantel and failure of Parascaris equorum egg count reduction following ivermectin treatment in Italian horse farms. Vet Parasitol, 161(1-2), 138-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.01.004

Publication

Veterinary parasitology
ISSN: 0304-4017
NlmUniqueID: 7602745
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 161
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 138-141

Researcher Affiliations

Veronesi, Fabrizia
  • Dip. di Scienze Biopatologiche ed Igiene delle Produzioni Animali e Alimentari, Sez. di Parassitologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy.
Moretta, Iolanda
    Moretti, Annabella
      Fioretti, Daniela Piergili
        Genchi, Claudio

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Anthelmintics / pharmacology
          • Ascaridida Infections / drug therapy
          • Ascaridida Infections / veterinary
          • Ascaridoidea / drug effects
          • Drug Resistance
          • Feces / parasitology
          • Female
          • Horse Diseases / drug therapy
          • Horse Diseases / parasitology
          • Horses
          • Italy / epidemiology
          • Ivermectin / pharmacology
          • Male
          • Parasite Egg Count
          • Pyrantel Pamoate / therapeutic use

          Citations

          This article has been cited 10 times.
          1. Lu Y, Deng L, Peng Z, Zhou M, Wang C, Han L, Huang S, Wei M, Wei R, Tian L, Li D, Hou Z. Investigation of the Efficacy of Pyrantel Pamoate, Mebendazole, Albendazole, and Ivermectin against Baylisascaris schroederi in Captive Giant Pandas. Animals (Basel) 2022 Dec 29;13(1).
            doi: 10.3390/ani13010142pubmed: 36611749google scholar: lookup
          2. Nielsen MK. Anthelmintic resistance in equine nematodes: Current status and emerging trends. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2022 Dec;20:76-88.
            doi: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2022.10.005pubmed: 36342004google scholar: lookup
          3. Cain JL, Norris JK, Ripley NE, Suri P, Finnerty CA, Gravatte HS, Nielsen MK. The microbial community associated with Parascaris spp. infecting juvenile horses. Parasit Vectors 2022 Nov 4;15(1):408.
            doi: 10.1186/s13071-022-05533-ypubmed: 36333754google scholar: lookup
          4. Cain JL, Nielsen MK. The equine ascarids: resuscitating historic model organisms for modern purposes. Parasitol Res 2022 Oct;121(10):2775-2791.
            doi: 10.1007/s00436-022-07627-zpubmed: 35986167google scholar: lookup
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            doi: 10.1186/s13071-021-04747-wpubmed: 33964977google scholar: lookup
          6. Studzińska MB, Sallé G, Roczeń-Karczmarz M, Szczepaniak K, Demkowska-Kutrzepa M, Tomczuk K. A survey of ivermectin resistance in Parascaris species infected foals in south-eastern Poland. Acta Vet Scand 2020 Jun 5;62(1):28.
            doi: 10.1186/s13028-020-00526-2pubmed: 32503589google scholar: lookup
          7. Lyons ET, Tolliver SC, Kuzmina TA, Collins SS. Further evaluation in field tests of the activity of three anthelmintics (fenbendazole, oxibendazole, and pyrantel pamoate) against the ascarid Parascaris equorum in horse foals on eight farms in Central Kentucky (2009-2010). Parasitol Res 2011 Oct;109(4):1193-7.
            doi: 10.1007/s00436-011-2379-3pubmed: 21499750google scholar: lookup
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          9. Nielsen MK. Restrictions of anthelmintic usage: perspectives and potential consequences. Parasit Vectors 2009 Sep 25;2 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S7.
            doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-2-S2-S7pubmed: 19778468google scholar: lookup
          10. Cobb R, Boeckh A. Moxidectin: a review of chemistry, pharmacokinetics and use in horses. Parasit Vectors 2009 Sep 25;2 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S5.
            doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-2-S2-S5pubmed: 19778466google scholar: lookup
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