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Home / Equine Research Bank / Viruses / First Clinical Case of Equine Parvovirus-Hepatitis-Related T...
Viruses2021; 13(10); doi: 10.3390/v13101917

First Clinical Case of Equine Parvovirus-Hepatitis-Related Theiler’s Disease in Asia.

Abstract: Equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H) is a newly identified etiologic agent of Theiler's disease (TD). We present a case of EqPV-H-related fulminant hepatitis in a 14-year-old thoroughbred mare in Korea. The mare had acute hepatopathy and gastrointestinal symptoms, with abnormal liver-related blood parameters. The horse was born in the USA and imported to Korea in 2017, with no history of administration of equine biological products after entry into Korea. The horse was diagnosed with EqPV-H-associated hepatitis after abdominal ultrasonography, laparotomy, and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH) assays. The serum, nasal swab, oral swab, and liver biopsy were positive for EqPV-H according to the PCR assay. Genetic analysis of the partial NS1 gene of EqPV-H showed a unique nucleotide substitution, distinct from that in previously deposited strains. EqPV-H DNA was found not only in hepatocytes but also in bile duct epithelium and Kupffer cells, particularly via ISH. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of EqPV-H-associated TD in Asia, providing the first clinical evidence for viral shedding from the mouth and nose, and identification of EqPV-H in the liver. This study contributes to a better understanding of the pathological features of EqPV-H-associated TD.
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Publication Date: 2021-09-24 PubMed ID: 34696347PubMed Central: PMC8541225DOI: 10.3390/v13101917Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research presents the first confirmed case in Asia of Theiler’s disease in horses caused by the newly identified Equine Parvovirus-Hepatitis (EqPV-H) through an in-depth case study of a thoroughbred mare in Korea.

Case Presentation

  • The study relates to a thoroughbred mare from the USA, aged 14 years, who was imported to Korea in 2017. The mare exhibited signs of acute hepatopathy (liver disease) and gastrointestinal symptoms and showed abnormal liver-related blood parameters.
  • The horse had no history of receiving any equine biological products after being brought to Korea.

Methods and Diagnosis

  • The diagnosis of EqPV-H-associated hepatitis was made through a combination of techniques including abdominal ultrasonography, surgery (laparotomy), and highly sensitive laboratory tests such as nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH) assays. These methods helped to identify and confirm the presence of the EqPV-H virus in the horse’s system.
  • The researchers found that the serum (the clear, yellowish part of blood), nasal swab, oral swab, and a sample of liver tissue were all positive for EqPV-H according to the PCR test.
  • A unique nucleotide substitution was detected through genetic analysis of a section of the EqPV-H virus known as the NS1 gene, which was different than strains previously recorded in scientific literature.

Significance and Findings

  • This is the first confirmed case of EqPV-H-associated Theiler’s disease in Asia, adding to global knowledge of the disease’s spread and prevalence.
  • The study also provides the first clinical evidence for viral shedding (release of virus particles) from the mouth and nose of an infected horse, indicating possible routes of transmission.
  • The DNA of EqPV-H was not only found in liver cells (hepatocytes) but also in other types of liver cells known as bile duct epithelium and Kupffer cells. This discovery was facilitated by the ISH technique.
  • The findings contribute to a better understanding of the pathological features – the visible effects on organs and tissues – of EqPV-H-associated Theiler’s disease, furthering our knowledge of this equine disease and potentially improving diagnosis, treatment, and prevention efforts.

Cite This Article

APA
Yoon J, Park T, Kim A, Park J, Park BJ, Ahn HS, Go HJ, Kim DH, Jung S, Seo Y, Lee JB, Park SY, Song CS, Lee SW, Choi IS. (2021). First Clinical Case of Equine Parvovirus-Hepatitis-Related Theiler’s Disease in Asia. Viruses, 13(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/v13101917

Publication

Viruses
ISSN: 1999-4915
NlmUniqueID: 101509722
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 10

Researcher Affiliations

Yoon, Jungho
  • Equine Clinic, Jeju Stud Farm, Korea Racing Authority, Jeju 63346, Korea.
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
Park, Taemook
  • Equine Clinic, Jeju Stud Farm, Korea Racing Authority, Jeju 63346, Korea.
Kim, Ahram
  • Equine Clinic, Jeju Stud Farm, Korea Racing Authority, Jeju 63346, Korea.
Park, Jongyoung
  • Equine Clinic, Jeju Stud Farm, Korea Racing Authority, Jeju 63346, Korea.
Park, Byung-Joo
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
Ahn, Hee-Seop
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
Go, Hyeon-Jeong
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
Kim, Dong-Hwi
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
Jung, Soontag
  • Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea.
Seo, Yeeun
  • Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea.
Lee, Joong-Bok
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
Park, Seung-Yong
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
Song, Chang-Seon
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
Lee, Sang-Won
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
Choi, In-Soo
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Asia
  • Enterovirus Infections / virology
  • Female
  • Hepatitis, Viral, Animal / virology
  • Hepatocytes / pathology
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Liver / pathology
  • Parvoviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Parvoviridae Infections / virology
  • Parvovirinae / classification
  • Parvovirus
  • Phylogeny
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Republic of Korea
  • Virus Shedding

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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