First comprehensive low-density horse linkage map based on two 3-generation, full-sibling, cross-bred horse reference families.
Abstract: Two 3-generation full-sibling reference families have been produced and form a unique resource for genetic linkage mapping studies in the horse. The F(2) generations, now comprising 61 individuals, consist of 28- to 32-day-old embryos removed nonsurgically from two pairs of identical twin mares. The same stallion sired all F(2)s such that the two full-sibling families are half-sibling with respect to each other. The families are crossbred to maximize levels of heterozygosity and include Arabian, Thoroughbred, Welsh Cob, and Icelandic Horse breeds. Milligram quantities of DNA have been isolated from each embryo and from blood samples of the parents and grandparents. The families have been genotyped with 353 equine microsatellites and 6 biallelic markers, and 42 linkage groups were formed. In addition, the physical location of 85 of the markers is known, and this has allowed 37 linkage groups to be anchored to the physical map. The inclusion of dams in the genotyping analysis has allowed the generation of a genetic map of the X chromosome. Markers have been assigned to all 31 autosomes and the X chromosome. The average interval between markers on the map is 10.5 cM, and the linkage groups collectively span 1780 cM. The results demonstrate the benefits for horse linkage mapping studies of genotyping on these unique full-sibling families, which comprise relatively few individuals, by the generation of a comprehensive low-density map of the horse genome.
Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
Publication Date: 2000-06-22 PubMed ID: 10860657DOI: 10.1006/geno.2000.6207Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research presents the development of the first comprehensive low-density horse linkage map using two specially bred reference families. The potential benefits of this work could improve future linkage mapping studies in horses.
Research Method
- The researchers created two full-sibling reference families over 3 generations. The final generation, consisting of 61 members, was composed of 28- to 32-day-old embryos.
- Each embryo was conceived using the same stallion, which means that the two families were half-siblings.
- To increase levels of heterozygosity, several horse breeds, including Arabian, Thoroughbred, Welsh Cob, and Icelandic Horse, were crossbred.
- From each embryo and blood samples of the parents and grandparents, the researchers were able to gather ample quantities of DNA for their study.
Genotyping and Linkage Groups
- The researchers genotyped each family using 353 equine microsatellites (a kind of DNA sequence) and 6 biallelic markers (a type of genetic marker).
- Through this process, they successfully identified 42 linkage groups – segments of DNA that contain sets of closely linked genetic markers.
- Because the physical location of 85 markers was already known, they were able to anchor 37 of these linkage groups to the horse’s physical DNA map.
Results and Implications
- In addition to all the 31 autosomes (non-sex chromosomes), markers were assigned to the X chromosome, thanks to the inclusion of dams in the genotyping.
- On average, the researchers found 10.5 cM (a unit of measurement for genetic linkage) between markers on the map, and collectively, the linkage groups spanned 1780 cM.
- Overall, this unique approach of genotyping relatively few individuals from full-sibling families yielded a comprehensive low-density map of the horse genome, paving the way for more effective future horse linkage mapping studies.
Cite This Article
APA
Swinburne J, Gerstenberg C, Breen M, Aldridge V, Lockhart L, Marti E, Antczak D, Eggleston-Stott M, Bailey E, Mickelson J, Røed K, Lindgren G, von Haeringen W, Guérin G, Bjarnason J, Allen T, Binns M.
(2000).
First comprehensive low-density horse linkage map based on two 3-generation, full-sibling, cross-bred horse reference families.
Genomics, 66(2), 123-134.
https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.2000.6207 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, CB8 7UU, United Kingdom. jswinbur@hgmp.mrcac.uk
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Chromosome Mapping / veterinary
- DNA Primers
- Female
- Genetic Linkage
- Genome
- Genotype
- Horses / genetics
- Male
- Pedigree
Citations
This article has been cited 12 times.- Beeson SK, Mickelson JR, McCue ME. Exploration of fine-scale recombination rate variation in the domestic horse. Genome Res 2019 Oct;29(10):1744-1752.
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- Chowdhary BP, Raudsepp T. The horse genome derby: racing from map to whole genome sequence. Chromosome Res 2008;16(1):109-27.
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- Brinkmeyer-Langford C, Raudsepp T, Lee EJ, Goh G, Schäffer AA, Agarwala R, Wagner ML, Tozaki T, Skow LC, Womack JE, Mickelson JR, Chowdhary BP. A high-resolution physical map of equine homologs of HSA19 shows divergent evolution compared with other mammals. Mamm Genome 2005 Aug;16(8):631-49.
- Jensen-Seaman MI, Furey TS, Payseur BA, Lu Y, Roskin KM, Chen CF, Thomas MA, Haussler D, Jacob HJ. Comparative recombination rates in the rat, mouse, and human genomes. Genome Res 2004 Apr;14(4):528-38.
- Raudsepp T, Lee EJ, Kata SR, Brinkmeyer C, Mickelson JR, Skow LC, Womack JE, Chowdhary BP. Exceptional conservation of horse-human gene order on X chromosome revealed by high-resolution radiation hybrid mapping. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004 Feb 24;101(8):2386-91.
- Chowdhary BP, Raudsepp T, Kata SR, Goh G, Millon LV, Allan V, Piumi F, Guérin G, Swinburne J, Binns M, Lear TL, Mickelson J, Murray J, Antczak DF, Womack JE, Skow LC. The first-generation whole-genome radiation hybrid map in the horse identifies conserved segments in human and mouse genomes. Genome Res 2003 Apr;13(4):742-51.
- Lindgren G, Breen M, Godard S, Bowling A, Murray J, Scavone M, Skow L, Sandberg K, Guérin G, Binns M, Ellegren H. Mapping of 13 horse genes by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and somatic cell hybrid analysis. Chromosome Res 2001;9(1):53-9.
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