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Parasitology research2020; 119(2); 473-481; doi: 10.1007/s00436-019-06587-1

First report of the isolation and phylogenetic characterization of equine Setaria digitata from India based on mitochondrial COI, 12S rDNA, and nuclear ITS2 sequence data.

Abstract: Equine ocular setariasis arising mainly from ectopic infestation of Setaria digitata is a common vision impairing ophthalmic disease in India, and the identification of this filarial nematode is based solely on morphology. However, morphological characters alone are inadequate to detect and differentiate S. digitata from its congeners. The present communication reports the first phylogenetic characterization of equine S. digitata from India based on sequences derived from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI), the mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA (12S rDNA), and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). Three isolates were characterized for each gene, and respective sequences were submitted to NCBI database (MN078131, MN078132, and MN095798). The sequences were also compared with the other related sequences available from PubMed around the globe, and phylogenetic analysis was carried out in conjunction with nucleotide homologies. There was no intraspecific variation among the Indian isolates. The phylogenetic analysis of S. digitata, inferred from these genes, showed that the isolate sequences obtained from different host species created a separate monophyletic clade within the genus Setaria with minor sequence variations revealing similar molecular characteristics of S. digitata isolates throughout the globe. In addition, the studied Indian isolates were found closer to Sri Lankan isolates. The S. digitata and S. labiatopapillosa appeared as sister species.
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Publication Date: 2020-01-02 PubMed ID: 31897790DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06587-1Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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This study presents the first phylogenetic characterization of the equine Setaria digitata (a type of parasitic worm) from India using genetic information. The characterization was based on genetic analyses of the worm’s mitochondrial and nuclear sequences, revealing that there are only minor variations between Indian isolates and those seen globally. This could help in better understanding and treating diseases caused by this parasite.

Understanding the Research Topic

  • The study focuses on a worm called Setaria digitata, a parasite that infests horses (equine) that can cause vision problems. These infections are common in India.
  • The problem is that it has been difficult to identify and differentiate this parasite from similar species based on morphology (the physical appearance and characteristics of organisms) alone.
  • This is the first study to use gene sequencing to identify Setaria digitata from India, providing more accurate and specific identification.

Methodology

  • Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI), small subunit ribosomal DNA (12S rDNA), and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences of the parasite were analyzed – these are part of the parasite’s mitochondrial and nuclear genetic code.
  • Three isolates, independent samples of the organism, were characterized for each gene.
  • The results were submitted to the NCBI database, an online database of genetic information, for further verification and comparison with global data.

Results and Discovery

  • There was no variation in the genetic sequences within the Indian isolates – this shows that the Setaria digitata in India are very similar to each other at the genetic level.
  • When compared with global data, it was discovered that the genetic sequences of Setaria digitata from different hosts formed a distinct monophyletic clade, meaning they all descended from a common ancestor.
  • The study also discovered minor sequence variation between the Indian isolates and global isolates, highlighting their close genetic similarities.
  • Interestingly, the Indian isolates were found to be most genetically similar to isolates from Sri Lanka.

Implications

  • The genetic characterization of Setaria digitata provides a more accurate method of differentiating this species from its relatives. This can help in developing more specific treatments for infections caused by this parasite.
  • The close genetic relationship between Indian and Sri Lankan isolates could indicate a common ancestral genetic pathway or similar environmental influences on the parasite’s evolution.

Cite This Article

APA
Maharana BR, Potliya S, Ganguly A, Bisla RS, Mishra C, Ganguly I. (2020). First report of the isolation and phylogenetic characterization of equine Setaria digitata from India based on mitochondrial COI, 12S rDNA, and nuclear ITS2 sequence data. Parasitol Res, 119(2), 473-481. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-019-06587-1

Publication

Parasitology research
ISSN: 1432-1955
NlmUniqueID: 8703571
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 119
Issue: 2
Pages: 473-481

Researcher Affiliations

Maharana, B R
  • Regional Centre, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
Potliya, S
  • Regional Centre, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
Ganguly, A
  • Regional Centre, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India. anitaganguly@gmail.com.
Bisla, R S
  • Regional Centre, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
Mishra, C
  • Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India.
Ganguly, I
  • ICAR-NBAGR, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • DNA, Intergenic / genetics
  • DNA, Ribosomal / genetics
  • Electron Transport Complex IV / genetics
  • Eye Diseases / parasitology
  • Eye Diseases / veterinary
  • Filarioidea / genetics
  • Filarioidea / isolation & purification
  • Horse Diseases / parasitology
  • Horses / parasitology
  • India
  • Phylogeny
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
  • RNA, Ribosomal / genetics
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA
  • Setaria Nematode / genetics
  • Setaria Nematode / isolation & purification
  • Setariasis / parasitology

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Abo-Aziza FAM, Hendawy SHM, Abdullah HHAM, El Namaky A, Laidoudi Y, Mediannikov O. Emergent and Neglected Equine Filariosis in Egypt: Species Diversity and Host Immune Response.. Pathogens 2022 Aug 27;11(9).
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  2. Abdullah HHAM, Amanzougaghene N, Dahmana H, Louni M, Raoult D, Mediannikov O. Multiple vector-borne pathogens of domestic animals in Egypt.. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021 Sep;15(9):e0009767.
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  3. Yu F, Liu B, Chen S, Yi Z, Liu X, Zhu Y, Li J. First Molecular Confirmation of Equine Ocular Setaria digitata in China.. Vet Sci 2021 Mar 28;8(4).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci8040055pubmed: 33800678google scholar: lookup
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