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Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods2017; 23(11); 804-814; doi: 10.1089/ten.TEC.2017.0200

Fixation of Hydrogel Constructs for Cartilage Repair in the Equine Model: A Challenging Issue.

Abstract: To report on the experiences with the use of commercial and autologous fibrin glue (AFG) and of an alternative method based on a 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL) anchor for the fixation of hydrogel-based scaffolds in an equine model for cartilage repair. In a first study, three different hydrogel-based materials were orthotopically implanted in nine horses for 1-4 weeks in 6 mm diameter full-thickness cartilage defects in the medial femoral trochlear ridge and fixated with commercially available fibrin glue (CFG). One defect was filled with CFG only as a control. In a second study, CFG and AFG were compared in an ectopic equine model. The third study compared the efficacy of AFG and a 3D-printed PCL-based osteal anchor for fixation of PCL-reinforced hydrogels in three horses for 2 weeks, with a 4-week follow-up to evaluate integration of bone with the PCL anchor. Short-term scaffold integration and cell infiltration were evaluated by microcomputed tomography and histology as outcome parameters. The first study showed signs of subchondral bone resorption in all defects, including the controls filled with CFG only, with significant infiltration of neutrophils. Ectopically, CFG induced clear inflammation with strong neutrophil accumulation; AFG was less reactive, showing fibroblast infiltration only. In the third study the fixation potential for PCL-reinforced hydrogels of AFG was inferior to the PCL anchor. PCL reinforcement had disappeared from two defects and showed signs of dislodging in the remaining four. All six constructs fixated with the PCL anchor were still in place after 2 weeks. At 4 weeks, the PCL anchor showed good integration and signs of new bone formation. The use of AFG should be preferred to xenogeneic products in the horse, but AFG is subject to individual variations and laborious to make. The PCL anchor provides the best fixation; however, this technique involves the whole osteochondral unit, which entails a different conceptual approach to cartilage repair.
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Publication Date: 2017-08-11 PubMed ID: 28795641PubMed Central: PMC7116030DOI: 10.1089/ten.TEC.2017.0200Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article is about the assessment of different fixation methods for hydrogel-based scaffolds used for cartilage repair in horses. The methods compared were commercial and autologous fibrin glue (AFG), and a 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL) anchor.

Studying Hydrogel-Based Scaffolds

  • The study focused on evaluating different methods to fixate hydrogel-based scaffolds used for cartilage repair in an equine (horse) model.
  • Three studies were conducted to test the effectiveness of commercial and autologous fibrin glue (both CFG and AFG respectively) and a 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL) anchor.

Comparing Different Methods

  • In the first study, three different hydrogel-based materials were implanted in horses and fixated with commercially available fibrin glue.
  • Results showed subchondral bone resorption in all defects and a significant infiltration of neutrophils, which is a sign of inflammation.
  • In the second study, they compared CFG and AFG in an equine model, finding CFG induced clear inflammation with strong neutrophil accumulation, while AFG was less reactive and allowing only fibroblast infiltration.

Evaluating PCL Anchor Fixation

  • The third study evaluated the effectiveness of AFG and a 3D-printed PCL anchor for fixation of PCL-reinforced hydrogels.
  • The results demonstrated the superior performance of the PCL anchor. All six constructs fixated with the PCL anchor were still in place after 2 weeks.
  • By the 4-week mark, the PCL anchor showed positive signs of integration and new bone formation, indicative of an effective fixation and healing process.

Conclusion

  • While AFG was considered preferable in comparison to xenogeneic products, it was found to be subject to individual variations and laborious to make.
  • In comparison, the PCL anchor technique displayed the best results for fixation, though it involves a different approach to cartilage repair as it encompasses the whole osteochondral unit.

Cite This Article

APA
Mancini IAD, Vindas Bolaños RA, Brommer H, Castilho M, Ribeiro A, van Loon JPAM, Mensinga A, van Rijen MHP, Malda J, van Weeren R. (2017). Fixation of Hydrogel Constructs for Cartilage Repair in the Equine Model: A Challenging Issue. Tissue Eng Part C Methods, 23(11), 804-814. https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.TEC.2017.0200

Publication

Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods
ISSN: 1937-3392
NlmUniqueID: 101466663
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 23
Issue: 11
Pages: 804-814

Researcher Affiliations

Mancini, Irina A D
  • 1 Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht, The Netherlands .
Vindas Bolaños, Rafael A
  • 2 Cátedra de Cirugía de Especies Mayores, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional , Heredia, Costa Rica .
Brommer, Harold
  • 1 Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht, The Netherlands .
Castilho, Miguel
  • 3 Division of Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands .
  • 4 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology , Eindhoven, The Netherlands .
Ribeiro, Alexandro
  • 3 Division of Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands .
van Loon, Johannes P A M
  • 1 Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht, The Netherlands .
Mensinga, Anneloes
  • 3 Division of Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands .
van Rijen, Mattie H P
  • 3 Division of Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands .
Malda, Jos
  • 1 Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht, The Netherlands .
  • 3 Division of Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands .
van Weeren, René
  • 1 Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht, The Netherlands .

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Bone Regeneration / drug effects
  • Cartilage, Articular / diagnostic imaging
  • Cartilage, Articular / pathology
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Fibrin Tissue Adhesive / pharmacology
  • Horses
  • Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / chemistry
  • Implants, Experimental
  • Inflammation / pathology
  • Organ Size
  • Polyesters / chemistry
  • Printing, Three-Dimensional
  • Tissue Engineering / methods
  • Tissue Scaffolds / chemistry
  • Wound Healing / drug effects
  • X-Ray Microtomography

Grant Funding

  • 647426 / European Research Council

Conflict of Interest Statement

. No competing financial interests exist.

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