Flow rates of large animal fluid delivery systems used for high-volume crystalloid resuscitation.
Abstract: Large animal species in states of shock can require particularly high flow rates for volume resuscitation and the ability to deliver adequate volumes rapidly may be a rate-limiting step. The objective of this study was to determine the maximum flow rates of common combinations of IV catheter, extension set, and fluid administration sets. Methods: University veterinary teaching hospital. Methods: In vitro experimental study. Methods: Maximum flow rates were measured using combinations of 4 IV catheters (3 14-Ga and a single 10-Ga), 2 IV catheter extension sets (small bore and large bore), and 2 types of fluid administration sets (standard 2-lead large animal coiled IV set and nonpressurized 4-lead arthroscopic irrigation set). The catheter, extension sets, and administration sets were arranged in 16 configurations, and flow rates measured in triplicate using tap water flowing into an open receptacle. Results: Flow rates ranged from 7.4 L/h with an over-the-wire 14-Ga catheter, small-bore extension, and coil set, to 51.2 L/h using a 10-Ga catheter, no extension, and arthroscopic irrigation set. There was an increase of 1.3-8.9% in flow rates between the large- versus small-bore extension sets. Crystalloid delivery in vivo to an adult horse was 21% slower (9.1 L/h versus 11.5 L/h) than the corresponding in vitro measurement. Conclusions: Extremely high flow rates can be achieved in vitro using large-bore catheters and delivery systems, although the clinical necessity for rates >50 L/h has not been determined. The use of large-bore extension sets resulted in only a minimal increase in flow rate.
© Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Society 2012.
Publication Date: 2012-12-12 PubMed ID: 23216840DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2012.00817.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research was about determining the maximum flow rates of Intravenous (IV) catheters, extension sets and fluid administration sets used for high-volume crystalloid resuscitation in large animals. The outcomes showed flow rates ranging from 7.4 liters per hour to 51.2 liters per hour, with in vivo delivery in an adult horse measured 21% slower than in vitro rates.
Methods
- The study was conducted at a university veterinary teaching hospital, and it followed an in vitro experimental design.
- The researchers measured the maximum flow rates using combinations of 4 IV catheters (3 14-Ga and a single 10-Ga), 2 IV catheter extension sets (small bore and large bore), and 2 types of fluid administration sets (standard 2-lead large animal coiled IV set and nonpressurized 4-lead arthroscopic irrigation set).
- The catheter, extension sets, and administration sets were configured in 16 distinct arrangements.
- Flow rates were measured in triplicate using tap water flowing into an open receptacle.
Results
- Flow rates varied with the configuration of catheter, extension set and fluid administration used. The rates ranged from as low as 7.4 L/h with an over-the-wire 14-Ga catheter, small-bore extension, and coil set, to a high of 51.2 L/h using a 10-Ga catheter, no extension, and arthroscopic irrigation set.
- Between the large- and small-bore extension sets, flow rates increased from 1.3 to 8.9%.
- In vivo crystalloid delivery to an adult horse was found to be 21% slower at 9.1 L/h as compared to the in vitro measurements at 11.5 L/h.
Conclusions
- The study concluded that extremely high flow rates can be achieved in vitro using large-bore catheters and delivery systems.
- The need for flow rates greater than 50 L/h is not yet determined in a clinical setting.
- A notable takeaway was that the use of large-bore extension sets resulted in only a minimal increase in flow rate.
Cite This Article
APA
Nolen-Walston RD.
(2012).
Flow rates of large animal fluid delivery systems used for high-volume crystalloid resuscitation.
J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio), 22(6), 661-665.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-4431.2012.00817.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA. rnolenw@vet.upenn.edu
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Crystalloid Solutions
- Drug Delivery Systems / veterinary
- Horses
- Infusions, Intravenous / instrumentation
- Isotonic Solutions / administration & dosage
- Resuscitation / instrumentation
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Crabtree NE, Epstein KL. Current Concepts in Fluid Therapy in Horses.. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:648774.
- Fielding CL. Practical Fluid Therapy and Treatment Modalities for Field Conditions for Horses and Foals with Gastrointestinal Problems.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2018 Apr;34(1):155-168.
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