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Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2022; 11(7); 759; doi: 10.3390/pathogens11070759

Frequency of Detection and Prevalence Factors Associated with Common Respiratory Pathogens in Equids with Acute Onset of Fever and/or Respiratory Signs (2008-2021).

Abstract: A voluntary biosurveillance program was established in 2008 in order to determine the shedding frequency and prevalence factors for common respiratory pathogens associated with acute onset of fever and/or respiratory signs in equids from the USA. Over a period of 13 years, a total of 10,296 equids were enrolled in the program and nasal secretions were analyzed for the qPCR detection of equine influenza virus (EIV), equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1), EHV-4, equine rhinitis A and B virus (ERVs), and subspecies (). Single infections with respiratory pathogens were detected in 21.1% of the submissions with EIV (6.8%) and EHV-4 (6.6%) as the two most prevalent viruses, followed by (4.7%), ERVs (2.3%), and EHV-1 (0.7%). Multiple pathogens were detected in 274 horses (2.7%) and no respiratory pathogens in 7836 horses (76.2%). Specific prevalence factors were determined for each of the six respiratory pathogen groups; most differences were associated with age, breed, and use of the horses, while the clinical signs were fairly consistent between viral and bacterial respiratory infections. Monitoring the frequency of detection of common respiratory pathogens is important in order to gain a better understanding of their epidemiology and to implement management practices aimed at controlling disease spread.
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Publication Date: 2022-07-02 PubMed ID: 35890002PubMed Central: PMC9317490DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070759Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article describes a study that longitudinally monitored respiratory pathogens in horses across 13 years for the purpose of enhancing understanding of disease spread and control practices.

Research Goals and Methodology

  • The main purpose of this research was to establish how frequently common respiratory pathogens were detected in horses that displayed signs of acute fever or other respiratory symptoms. The ultimate goal of this investigation was to improve understanding of disease epidemiology and inform disease control practices.
  • A voluntary biosurveillance program was set up in 2008. Over 13 years, it enrolled 10,296 horses within the United States.
  • The main method of investigation was the analysis of nasal secretions from the participating horses. These secretions were tested for qPCR detection of several pathogens, including the equine influenza virus (EIV), equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1), EHV-4, equine rhinitis A and B virus (ERVs), and certain bacterial subspecies.

Research Findings

  • Single infections with a respiratory pathogen were found in approximately 21.1% of samples, primarily EIV and EHV-4. Additional pathogens were also detected, but in significantly fewer samples.
  • Multiple pathogens were found in 2.7% of studied horses, and no respiratory pathogens were found in 76.2% of the subjects.
  • Prevalence of distinct pathogens varied with factors such as horse’s age, breed, and usage. However, the clinical signs of respiratory infections were found to be generally consistent, regardless of whether the infection was viral or bacterial in nature.

Significance of Research

  • Identification and classification of common respiratory pathogens can provide crucial insights into their epidemiology.
  • Understanding how frequently these diseases occur, and their associated factors, can guide the design of measures aimed at controlling their spread.
  • Through a significant time-span and a large sample size, this research provides valuable data for the planning of effective health management practices for horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Pusterla N, James K, Barnum S, Bain F, Barnett DC, Chappell D, Gaughan E, Craig B, Schneider C, Vaala W. (2022). Frequency of Detection and Prevalence Factors Associated with Common Respiratory Pathogens in Equids with Acute Onset of Fever and/or Respiratory Signs (2008-2021). Pathogens, 11(7), 759. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11070759

Publication

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2076-0817
NlmUniqueID: 101596317
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 7
PII: 759

Researcher Affiliations

Pusterla, Nicola
  • Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
James, Kaitlyn
  • Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Barnum, Samantha
  • Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Bain, Fairfield
  • Merck Animal Health, Madison, NJ 07940, USA.
Barnett, D Craig
  • Merck Animal Health, Madison, NJ 07940, USA.
Chappell, Duane
  • Merck Animal Health, Madison, NJ 07940, USA.
Gaughan, Earl
  • Merck Animal Health, Madison, NJ 07940, USA.
Craig, Bryant
  • Merck Animal Health, Madison, NJ 07940, USA.
Schneider, Chrissie
  • Merck Animal Health, Madison, NJ 07940, USA.
Vaala, Wendy
  • Merck Animal Health, Madison, NJ 07940, USA.

Grant Funding

  • 2008-2021 / Merck Animal Health

Conflict of Interest Statement

N.P., K.J. and S.B. declare no conflict of interest. F.B., D.C.B., D.C., E.G., B.C., C.S. and W.V. work for Merck Animal Health.

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