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Outbreak of neurologic disease caused by equine herpesvirus-1 at a university equestrian center.
Abstract: Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) infection causes neurologic disease in horses. However, risk factors for the disease and long-term prognosis are poorly characterized. Objective: There are identifiable risk factors for equine herpes-1 myeloencephalopathy. Methods: The entire population of 135 horses housed within the equestrian facility. Methods: A descriptive study investigated the clinical, serologic, virologic, and management aspects of an outbreak of EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy. Results: Out of 135 horses at the facility, 117 displayed signs of EHV-1 infection. Forty-six horses developed neurologic deficits characterized by symmetrical hind limb ataxia and weakness. Twelve horses that developed neurologic deficits became recumbent and did not survive. The development of severe neurologic deficits during the outbreak was associated with the presence of residual deficits at the 6-month examination. Within 1 year of the outbreak onset, all horses that survived had returned to an exercise level comparable to that experienced before the outbreak. Factors associated with the development of neurologic disease included age of > 5 years, location in the south or arena stall areas, and highest rectal temperature on day 3 or later of the febrile period. Conclusions: Being > 5 years of age, having had a rectal temperature of > 103.5 degrees F, and highest rectal temperature occurring on or after the 3rd day of the febrile period were the factors most predictive of the development of neurologic disease and death. Data obtained during this outbreak substantiate previous findings relating to clinical aspects and diagnosis of EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy. The prophylactic and therapeutic use of acyclovir during this outbreak is described.
Publication Date: 2007-03-07 PubMed ID: 17338164DOI: 10.1892/0891-6640(2007)21[157:oondcb]2.0.co;2Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
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The research article explores an outbreak of neurological disease caused by Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (EHV-1) amongst a population of 135 horses in a university equestrian center, identifying risk factors, prognosis and potential treatments.
Objective and Methodology
- The researchers’ objective was to pinpoint identifiable risk factors for equine herpes-1 myeloencephalopathy, a neurological disease in horses caused by the EHV-1 infection.
- The study’s methodology was descriptive in nature and it aimed to investigate the clinical, serologic (blood serum examination), virologic, and management aspects of an EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy outbreak within the center’s horse population.
Results
- Out of the 135 horses examined, 117 displayed symptoms of EHV-1 infection, which appeared as neurological deficits, particularly characterized by symmetrical hind limb weakness and a lack of coordination (ataxia).
- 46 horses developed these neurological deficits and twelve among them (which became unable to stand) did not survive.
- The study discovered that severe neurological deficits during the outbreak were associated with the presence of residual deficits at the 6-month examination.
- All the surviving horses returned to their previous exercise level within 1 year of the outbreak.
Risk Factors
- The study identified several risk factors associated with the development of the neurological disease. These included an age of more than 5 years, the horses’ location (southern or arena stall areas), and the highest rectal temperature on or after day 3 of the febrile (fever) period.
Conclusions
- The researchers concluded that the most potent predictors of developing the neurological disease and subsequent death were age greater than 5 years, a rectal temperature exceeding 103.5 degrees F, and the highest rectal temperature observed on or after the 3rd day of the febrile period.
- The data from this outbreak reinforces previous findings concerning the clinical aspects and diagnosis of EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy.
- The use of antiviral medication acyclovir, both as a preventive measure and as treatment during the outbreak, is described in the study.
Cite This Article
APA
Henninger RW, Reed SM, Saville WJ, Allen GP, Hass GF, Kohn CW, Sofaly C.
(2007).
Outbreak of neurologic disease caused by equine herpesvirus-1 at a university equestrian center.
J Vet Intern Med, 21(1), 157-165.
https://doi.org/10.1892/0891-6640(2007)21[157:oondcb]2.0.co;2 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- University Equine Veterinary Services, Findlay, OH 45840, USA. henninger@findlay.edu
MeSH Terms
- Acyclovir / therapeutic use
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / therapeutic use
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents / therapeutic use
- Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use
- Central Nervous System Diseases / veterinary
- Clonixin / analogs & derivatives
- Clonixin / therapeutic use
- Dexamethasone / therapeutic use
- Dimethyl Sulfoxide / therapeutic use
- Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
- Female
- Herpesviridae Infections / epidemiology
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Herpesviridae Infections / virology
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / isolation & purification
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Male
- Phenylbutazone / therapeutic use
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