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Genes2020; 11(4); 410; doi: 10.3390/genes11040410

Gallop Racing Shifts Mature mRNA towards Introns: Does Exercise-Induced Stress Enhance Genome Plasticity?

Abstract: Physical exercise is universally recognized as stressful. Among the "sport species", the horse is probably the most appropriate model for investigating the genomic response to stress due to the homogeneity of its genetic background. The aim of this work is to dissect the whole transcription modulation in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) after exercise with a time course framework focusing on unexplored regions related to introns and intergenic portions. PBMCs NGS from five 3 year old Sardinian Anglo-Arab racehorses collected at rest and after a 2000 m race was performed. Apart from differential gene expression ascertainment between the two time points the complexity of transcription for alternative transcripts was identified. Interestingly, we noted a transcription shift from the coding to the non-coding regions. We further investigated the possible causes of this phenomenon focusing on genomic repeats, using a differential expression approach and finding a strong general up-regulation of repetitive elements such as LINE. Since their modulation is also associated with the "exonization", the recruitment of repeats that act with regulatory functions, suggesting that there might be an active regulation of this transcriptional shift. Thanks to an innovative bioinformatic approach, our study could represent a model for the transcriptomic investigation of stress.
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Publication Date: 2020-04-09 PubMed ID: 32283859PubMed Central: PMC7230505DOI: 10.3390/genes11040410Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigates how physical exercise stress impacts the genomic response in racehorses. Specifically, it examines how this stress influences certain not previously studied regions of the horse genome tied to introns and intergenic portions.

Objective and Method

  • This research aims to explore the overall transcriptional changes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) due to exercise stress over time, with a particular focus on previously unexplored areas linked with introns and intergenic portions.
  • The study employed Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) on PBMCs from five 3-year old Sardinian Anglo-Arab racehorses, collected before and after a 2000 m race to detect any possible changes in gene expression between the two moments.

Results and Findings

  • Interestingly, the researchers found a shift from coding to the non-coding regions in the transcription activity after the race.
  • In trying to explain what could cause this shift, they focused on genomic repeats by using a differential expression approach. This process revealed a significantly up-regulated expression of repetitive elements like LINE.
  • The researchers also found that these changes in repetitive elements are related with “exonization”, a process that turns sequences from intronic or intergenic regions into exons. This suggests the presence of active regulation causing the shift in transcription.

Conclusion and Significance

  • This study offers new insights into how exercise-induced stress can influence genome plasticity, increasing our understanding of how genomes adapt to stress situations.
  • The findings highlight the importance of genomic repeats and their possible regulatory role in stress response.
  • Technologically, the innovative bioinformatics approach applied in this research could serve as a model for future studies on the transcriptomic investigation of stress.

Cite This Article

APA
Cappelli K, Mecocci S, Gioiosa S, Giontella A, Silvestrelli M, Cherchi R, Valentini A, Chillemi G, Capomaccio S. (2020). Gallop Racing Shifts Mature mRNA towards Introns: Does Exercise-Induced Stress Enhance Genome Plasticity? Genes (Basel), 11(4), 410. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11040410

Publication

Genes
ISSN: 2073-4425
NlmUniqueID: 101551097
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 4
PII: 410

Researcher Affiliations

Cappelli, Katia
  • Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
  • Centro di Ricerca sul Cavallo Sportivo, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
Mecocci, Samanta
  • Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
  • Centro di Ricerca sul Cavallo Sportivo, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
Gioiosa, Silvia
  • SCAI-Super Computing Applications and Innovation Department, CINECA, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Giontella, Andrea
  • Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
  • Centro di Ricerca sul Cavallo Sportivo, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
Silvestrelli, Maurizio
  • Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
  • Centro di Ricerca sul Cavallo Sportivo, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
Cherchi, Raffaele
  • AGRIS, Servizio Ricerca Qualità e Valorizzazione delle Produzioni Equine, Ozieri, 09127 Sassari, Italy.
Valentini, Alessio
  • Dipartimento per l'Innovazione Nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Tuscia, Italy.
Chillemi, Giovanni
  • Dipartimento per l'Innovazione Nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Tuscia, Italy.
  • Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, IBIOM, CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy.
Capomaccio, Stefano
  • Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
  • Centro di Ricerca sul Cavallo Sportivo, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Female
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Genome
  • Horses
  • Introns / genetics
  • Leukocytes, Mononuclear / metabolism
  • Male
  • Physical Conditioning, Animal
  • RNA, Messenger / genetics
  • Stress, Physiological
  • Transcriptome

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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