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Gene expression profiling in blood cells of endurance horses completing competition or disqualified due to metabolic disorder.
Abstract: Genomics using cDNA microarrays could provide useful information about physiological adaptations and metabolic disorders in endurance horses. Objective: In order to show that genes are modulated in leucocytes in relationship with performance and clinical status of the horses, gene expression in leucocytes, haematological and biochemical parameters were compared between successful and disqualified endurance horses. Methods: Blood samples were collected at rest (TO) and just after a 140-160 km endurance race (T1) in 2 groups of horses: 10 continuing successful (S) and 10 disqualified horses stopped at a vet-gate for metabolic disorders (D). Total RNA was extracted from the blood cells (leucocytes), checked for purity, amplified and hybridised using mouse cDNA microarrays including 15,264 unique genes. Differential gene expressions were studied by hybridisation of each sample T1 vs. a control sample collected at TO (pool of 20 sound horses). Results: Some significant differences were observed in the haematology and biochemistry of the 2 groups (S vs. D). In Group D, rhadomyolysis was confirmed with CK 13,124 u/l and AST 1242 u/l. The list of 726 (including 603 annotated genes) significant genes was filtered according to a high P-value cut-off (P1.5) and 288 were down-regulated (<1/1.5). Analysis of variance revealed 62 genes differentially expressed (P0.75) with CK and AST level in Group D, respectively. The gene ontology classification showed that more genes were up-regulated in S than in the D. More genes were down-regulated in the disqualified horses. Conclusions: Long exercise induced many significant gene modulations in leucocytes. Some genes were expressed in relationship with the clinical phenotype observed in Group D: rhabdomyolysis and haemolysis. Conclusions: Some of these genes could be candidates to explain poor performance or pathologies. Further association studies with a greater number of genes should be conducted.
Publication Date: 2007-04-04 PubMed ID: 17402390DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05511.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research article focuses on how gene expression profiling using cDNA microarrays can shed light on physiological adaptations and metabolic disorders in endurance horses. The study compares gene expression in blood cells of horses that successfully complete endurance races and those disqualified due to metabolic disorders.
Methodology
- The research involves two groups of horses: one group of 10 horses that completed a 140-160 km endurance race successfully (S), and another group of 10 horses that were disqualified at a vet-gate for metabolic disorders (D).
- Blood samples were collected from these horses both at rest (TO) and immediately after the race (T1).
- RNA was extracted from the leucocytes (white blood cells) in these samples, checked for purity, amplified, and then used in hybridisation with mouse cDNA microarrays. These arrays contain 15,264 unique genes and allow researchers to monitor gene expression levels.
- Changes in gene expressions were noted by comparing T1 samples with a control sample (T0) collected from 20 healthy horses.
Results
- Notable differences were found in haematology and biochemistry between the two groups (S and D).
- In the D group, a breakdown of muscle tissue (rhadomyolysis) was confirmed.
- 726 significant genes were found after filtering results with a high P-value cut-off. Out of them, 130 genes were upregulated, and 288 genes were down-regulated.
- 62 genes were differentially expressed between the two groups (D and S).
- 28 and 50 genes showed significant correlation with CK and AST level respectively, signifying muscle damage in group D.
Conclusions
- Endurance exercise induces significant gene modulation in leucocytes. Certain genes exhibit expression related to clinical symptoms observed in group D.
- Some of the expressed genes might help understand poor performance or disease conditions in horses. Future studies with a greater number of genes are recommended for a more comprehensive understanding.
Cite This Article
APA
Barrey E, Mucher E, Robert C, Amiot F, Gidrol X.
(2007).
Gene expression profiling in blood cells of endurance horses completing competition or disqualified due to metabolic disorder.
Equine Vet J Suppl(36), 43-49.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05511.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- INRA, Laboratoire d'Etude de la Physiologie de l'Exercice, Evry University, France.
MeSH Terms
- Adaptation, Physiological / genetics
- Animals
- Blood Chemical Analysis / veterinary
- Gene Expression Profiling / veterinary
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hematologic Tests / veterinary
- Horse Diseases
- Horses / genetics
- Horses / physiology
- Leukocytes / metabolism
- Metabolic Diseases / genetics
- Metabolic Diseases / veterinary
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / veterinary
- Physical Conditioning, Animal / physiology
- Physical Endurance / physiology
- RNA, Messenger / biosynthesis
Citations
This article has been cited 16 times.- Mach N, Moroldo M, Rau A, Lecardonnel J, Le Moyec L, Robert C, Barrey E. Understanding the Holobiont: Crosstalk Between Gut Microbiota and Mitochondria During Long Exercise in Horse. Front Mol Biosci 2021;8:656204.
- Le Moyec L, Robert C, Triba MN, Bouchemal N, Mach N, Rivière J, Zalachas-Rebours E, Barrey E. A First Step Toward Unraveling the Energy Metabolism in Endurance Horses: Comparison of Plasma Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomic Profiles Before and After Different Endurance Race Distances. Front Mol Biosci 2019;6:45.
- Kim HA, Kim MC, Kim NY, Ryu DY, Lee HS, Kim Y. Integrated analysis of microRNA and mRNA expressions in peripheral blood leukocytes of Warmblood horses before and after exercise. J Vet Sci 2018 Jan 31;19(1):99-106.
- Ricard A, Robert C, Blouin C, Baste F, Torquet G, Morgenthaler C, Rivière J, Mach N, Mata X, Schibler L, Barrey E. Endurance Exercise Ability in the Horse: A Trait with Complex Polygenic Determinism. Front Genet 2017;8:89.
- Mach N, Plancade S, Pacholewska A, Lecardonnel J, Rivière J, Moroldo M, Vaiman A, Morgenthaler C, Beinat M, Nevot A, Robert C, Barrey E. Integrated mRNA and miRNA expression profiling in blood reveals candidate biomarkers associated with endurance exercise in the horse. Sci Rep 2016 Mar 10;6:22932.
- Younes M, Robert C, Cottin F, Barrey E. Speed and Cardiac Recovery Variables Predict the Probability of Elimination in Equine Endurance Events. PLoS One 2015;10(8):e0137013.
- Le Moyec L, Robert C, Triba MN, Billat VL, Mata X, Schibler L, Barrey E. Protein catabolism and high lipid metabolism associated with long-distance exercise are revealed by plasma NMR metabolomics in endurance horses. PLoS One 2014;9(3):e90730.
- Kim H, Lee T, Park W, Lee JW, Kim J, Lee BY, Ahn H, Moon S, Cho S, Do KT, Kim HS, Lee HK, Lee CK, Kong HS, Yang YM, Park J, Kim HM, Kim BC, Hwang S, Bhak J, Burt D, Park KD, Cho BW, Kim H. Peeling back the evolutionary layers of molecular mechanisms responsive to exercise-stress in the skeletal muscle of the racing horse. DNA Res 2013 Jun;20(3):287-98.
- Mille-Hamard L, Billat VL, Henry E, Bonnamy B, Joly F, Benech P, Barrey E. Skeletal muscle alterations and exercise performance decrease in erythropoietin-deficient mice: a comparative study. BMC Med Genomics 2012 Jun 29;5:29.
- Capomaccio S, Cappelli K, Spinsanti G, Mencarelli M, Muscettola M, Felicetti M, Verini Supplizi A, Bonifazi M. Athletic humans and horses: comparative analysis of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in trained and untrained subjects at rest. BMC Physiol 2011 Jan 21;11:3.
- Barrey E, Mucher E, Jeansoule N, Larcher T, Guigand L, Herszberg B, Chaffaux S, Guérin G, Mata X, Benech P, Canale M, Alibert O, Maltere P, Gidrol X. Gene expression profiling in equine polysaccharide storage myopathy revealed inflammation, glycogenesis inhibition, hypoxia and mitochondrial dysfunctions. BMC Vet Res 2009 Aug 7;5:29.
- Cappelli K, Felicetti M, Capomaccio S, Pieramati C, Silvestrelli M, Verini-Supplizi A. Exercise-induced up-regulation of MMP-1 and IL-8 genes in endurance horses. BMC Physiol 2009 Jun 24;9:12.
- Cappelli K, Felicetti M, Capomaccio S, Spinsanti G, Silvestrelli M, Supplizi AV. Exercise induced stress in horses: selection of the most stable reference genes for quantitative RT-PCR normalization. BMC Mol Biol 2008 May 19;9:49.
- Chowdhary BP, Raudsepp T. The horse genome derby: racing from map to whole genome sequence. Chromosome Res 2008;16(1):109-27.
- Brito G, Damián JP, Trigo P, Ruprechter G. Metabolic Profiles of Finishing and Nonfinishing Horses in Uruguayan Raid Competitions. Vet Med Int 2025;2025:4217400.
- Reißmann M, Rajavel A, Kokov ZA, Schmitt AO. Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes after Endurance Runs in Karbadian Horses to Determine Candidates for Stress Indicators and Performance Capability. Genes (Basel) 2023 Oct 24;14(11).
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