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Home / Equine Research Bank / PeerJ / Genetic and serologic surveillance of canine (CIV) and equin...
PeerJ2019; 7; e8239; doi: 10.7717/peerj.8239

Genetic and serologic surveillance of canine (CIV) and equine (EIV) influenza virus in Nuevo León State, México.

Abstract: Despite the uncontrolled distribution of the Influenza A virus through wild birds, the detection of canine influenza virus and equine influenza virus in Mexico was absent until now. Recently, outbreaks of equine and canine influenza have been reported around the world; the virus spreads quickly among animals and there is potential for zoonotic transmission. Methods: Amplification of the Influenza A virus matrix gene from necropsies, nasal and conjunctival swabs from trash service horses and pets/stray dogs was performed through RT-PCR. The seroprevalence was carried out through Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system using the M1 recombinant protein and polyclonal antibodies anti-M1. Results: The matrix gene was amplified from 13 (19.11%) nasal swabs, two (2.94%) conjunctival swabs and five (7.35%) lung necropsies, giving a total of 20 (29.41%) positive samples in a pet dog population. A total of six (75%) positive samples of equine nasal swab were amplified. Sequence analysis showed 96-99% identity with sequences of Influenza A virus matrix gene present in H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 subtypes. The phylogenetic analysis of the sequences revealed higher identity with matrix gene sequences detected from zoonotic isolates of subtype H1N1/2009. The detection of anti-M1 antibodies in stray dogs showed a prevalence of 123 (100%) of the sampled population, whereas in horses, 114 (92.68%) positivity was obtained. Conclusions: The results unveil the prevalence of Influenza A virus in the population of horses and dogs in the state of Nuevo Leon, which could indicate a possible outbreak of equine and Canine Influenza in Mexico. We suggest that the prevalence of Influenza virus in companion animals be monitored to investigate its epizootic and zoonotic potential, in addition to encouraging the regulation of vaccination in these animal species in order to improve their quality of life.
© 2019 Plata-Hipólito et al.
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Publication Date: 2019-12-17 PubMed ID: 31871842PubMed Central: PMC6924343DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8239Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article focuses on the investigation of influenza A virus in dogs and horses in Nuevo León state, Mexico. This is the first time canine and equine influenza have been detected in Mexico, with the study indicating a possible outbreak in the region.

Research Methodology

  • The study involved the detection of the influenza A virus matrix gene from multiple sources – necropsies, nasal and conjunctival swabs taken from trash service horses and pet/stray dogs. The amplification was carried out using the Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) technique.
  • Seroprevalence, i.e., the level of a pathogen in a population, as measured in blood serum, was determined using the Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system, employing the M1 recombinant protein and anti-M1 polyclonal antibodies.

Research Findings

  • The Influenza A virus matrix gene was found in 29.41% of the samples taken from a pet dog population and in 75% of the equine nasal swab samples.
  • The sequence analysis showed a 96-99% identity with sequences of the Influenza A virus matrix gene found in H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 subtypes.
  • The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated high similarity with matrix gene sequences identified in zoonotic isolates of the H1N1/2009 subtype.
  • Regarding seroprevalence, the study found anti-M1 antibodies in all of the sampled stray dogs and in 92.68% of horses.

Conclusions and Recommendations

  • The results of the study reveal the prevalence of the Influenza A virus in horses and dogs in Nuevo León, hinting at a probable outbreak of equine and canine influenza in Mexico.
  • The researchers recommend continued monitoring of the prevalence of the Influenza virus in animals to understand its epizootic potential (the spread of a disease among the animal population) and zoonotic potential (diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans).
  • The study also urges the introduction of regulation for vaccination of these animal species to improve their quality of life and prevent disease spread.

Cite This Article

APA
Plata-Hipólito CB, Cedillo-Rosales S, Obregón-Macías N, Hernández-Luna CE, Rodríguez-Padilla C, Tamez-Guerra RS, Contreras-Cordero JF. (2019). Genetic and serologic surveillance of canine (CIV) and equine (EIV) influenza virus in Nuevo León State, México. PeerJ, 7, e8239. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8239

Publication

PeerJ
ISSN: 2167-8359
NlmUniqueID: 101603425
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 7
Pages: e8239
PII: e8239

Researcher Affiliations

Plata-Hipólito, Claudia B
  • Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México.
Cedillo-Rosales, Sibilina
  • Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Virología, Escobedo, Nuevo León, México.
Obregón-Macías, Nelson
  • Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Grandes Especies, Escobedo, Nuevo León, México.
Hernández-Luna, Carlos E
  • Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Química, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México.
Rodríguez-Padilla, Cristina
  • Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México.
Tamez-Guerra, Reyes S
  • Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México.
Contreras-Cordero, Juan F
  • Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Gonzalez-Obando J, Forero JE, Zuluaga-Cabrera AM, Ruiz-Saenz J. Equine Influenza Virus: An Old Known Enemy in the Americas.. Vaccines (Basel) 2022 Oct 14;10(10).
    doi: 10.3390/vaccines10101718pubmed: 36298583google scholar: lookup
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