Genetic characterization of Kushum horses in Kazakhstan based on haplotypes of mtDNA and Y chromosome, and genes associated with important traits of the horses.
Abstract: The Kushum is a relatively new breed of horses in Kazakhstan that was established in the middle of the 20th century through a cross between mares of Kazakhstan local horses and stallions of Thoroughbred, Trotter, and Russian Don breeds to supply military horses. To reveal the genetic characteristics of this breed, we investigated haplotypes of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the Y chromosome, as well as genotypes of five functional genes associated with coat color, body composition, and locomotion traits. We detected 10 mtDNA haplotypes that fell into 8 of the 17 major haplogroups of horse mtDNA, indicating a unique haplotype composition with high genetic diversity. We also found two Y-chromosomal haplotypes in Kushum horses, which likely originated from Trotter and/or Don breeds. The findings regarding the mtDNA and Y-chromosomal haplotypes are concordant with the documented maternal and paternal origins of the Kushum horses. The allele frequencies of ASIP, MC1R, and MATP associated with coat color were consistent with the coat color variations of Kushum horses. The allele frequencies of MSTN associated with endurance performance and those of DMRT3 associated with gait suggested that the observed allele frequencies of these genes were the result of selective breeding for these traits. As a result of this study, we were able to obtain useful information for a better understanding of the origin and breeding history of the Kushum horse breed using molecular markers.
©2020 The Japanese Society of Equine Science.
Publication Date: 2020-10-05 PubMed ID: 33061782PubMed Central: PMC7538259DOI: 10.1294/jes.31.35Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research paper details a study on the genetic characteristics of the Kushum breed of horses in Kazakhstan. It uses mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes, Y chromosome single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and genotypes of five functional genes associated with traits like coat color, body composition, and movement to analyze the breed’s genetic diversity and origins.
Genetic Examination of Kushum Horses
- The Kushum horse, a breed established in Kazakhstan during the mid-20th century, is a crossbreed between local Kazakh mares and Thoroughbred, Trotter, and Russian Don stallions. This breed was intended to serve military purposes. The study aims to decipher the genetic attributes of this breed using a range of genetic markers.
- The researchers studied the haplotypes of mtDNA and single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the Y chromosome, as well as genotypes of five functional genes related to specific traits such as coat color, body composition, and locomotion.
Unique Haplotype Composition and Genetic Diversity
- Through their analysis, researchers identified 10 mtDNA haplotypes in the Kushum horse breed, falling into 8 of the 17 major haplogroups of horse mtDNA. This revealed a unique haplotype composition and a high level of genetic diversity within the breed.
- Underscoring this diversity, the study also discovered two Y-chromosomal haplotypes that likely originated from the Trotter and/or Don breeds. This aligns with the documented maternal and paternal origins of the Kushum horses.
Associated Functional Genes
- The researchers found that the allele frequencies of the ASIP, MC1R, and MATP genes, which are associated with coat color, were in harmony with the variations in the coat color of the Kushum horses. This suggests that variations in the color of the horses’ coats may be traced back to different alleles of these specific genes.
- Moreover, the MSTN gene, associated with endurance performance, and the DMRT3 gene, linked with gait, suggested that these traits were likely selectively bred for within the Kushum breed.
Significance of the Research
- This research offers significant insight into the origin and breeding history of the Kushum horse breed. It uses molecular markers to shed a light on the breed’s genetic makeup, thus providing valuable information on genetic diversity, haplotype composition, and associated functional genes behind phenotypic traits.
Cite This Article
APA
Nguyen TB, Paul RC, Okuda Y, LE TNA, Pham PTK, Kaissar KJ, Kazhmurat A, Bibigul S, Bakhtin M, Kazymbet P, Maratbek SZ, Meldebekov A, Nishibori M, Ibi T, Tsuji T, Kunieda T.
(2020).
Genetic characterization of Kushum horses in Kazakhstan based on haplotypes of mtDNA and Y chromosome, and genes associated with important traits of the horses.
J Equine Sci, 31(3), 35-43.
https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.31.35 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
- An Giang University, Vietnam National University, An Giang, Vietnam.
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
- Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, Bangladesh.
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
- Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Japan.
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
- University of Agriculture & Forestry, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam.
- An Giang University, Vietnam National University, An Giang, Vietnam.
- Zhangir Khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian-Technical University, Uralsk, Kazakhstan.
- M. Utemisov West Kazakhstan State University, Uralsk, Kazakhstan.
- M. Utemisov West Kazakhstan State University, Uralsk, Kazakhstan.
- Radiobiological Research Institute, JSC Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- Radiobiological Research Institute, JSC Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- Institute of Zoology, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
- Institute of Zoology, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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Citations
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